1 00:00:11,030 --> 00:00:09,110 [Music] 2 00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:11,040 welcome and thank you for standing by at 3 00:00:13,589 --> 00:00:12,240 this time all participants are in 4 00:00:15,430 --> 00:00:13,599 listening mode until the question and 5 00:00:16,710 --> 00:00:15,440 answer session takes conference 6 00:00:18,230 --> 00:00:16,720 at the time you may press star one on 7 00:00:19,429 --> 00:00:18,240 your phone to ask a question 8 00:00:21,269 --> 00:00:19,439 like the informal part of today's 9 00:00:22,870 --> 00:00:21,279 conference is being recorded the vmware 10 00:00:24,470 --> 00:00:22,880 objections you may disconnect at this 11 00:00:26,550 --> 00:00:24,480 time i would now like to turn to 12 00:00:28,710 --> 00:00:26,560 commerce or nasa jpl thank you he may 13 00:00:30,390 --> 00:00:28,720 begin 14 00:00:32,950 --> 00:00:30,400 welcome to today's insight 15 00:00:35,270 --> 00:00:32,960 teleconference i'm requier villanueva 16 00:00:38,229 --> 00:00:35,280 with the digital news and media office 17 00:00:40,229 --> 00:00:38,239 at nasa's jet propulsion laboratory and 18 00:00:42,229 --> 00:00:40,239 i will be moderating today 19 00:00:44,790 --> 00:00:42,239 insight team members from jpl in 20 00:00:46,229 --> 00:00:44,800 southern california and nasa leadership 21 00:00:48,310 --> 00:00:46,239 are here to discuss insight 22 00:00:50,869 --> 00:00:48,320 accomplishments share details on the 23 00:00:52,150 --> 00:00:50,879 spacecraft's power supply and preview 24 00:00:54,310 --> 00:00:52,160 what's to come 25 00:00:58,069 --> 00:00:54,320 for some background the insight lander 26 00:01:00,790 --> 00:00:58,079 arrived at mars on november 26 2018 and 27 00:01:03,430 --> 00:01:00,800 is now in its extended mission 28 00:01:05,830 --> 00:01:03,440 joining us on this teleconference are 29 00:01:08,310 --> 00:01:05,840 bruce bannert inside principal 30 00:01:11,350 --> 00:01:08,320 investigator at jpl 31 00:01:14,469 --> 00:01:11,360 katya zamora garcia insight deputy 32 00:01:17,749 --> 00:01:14,479 project manager also at jpl 33 00:01:20,630 --> 00:01:17,759 and lori glaze director of the planetary 34 00:01:22,149 --> 00:01:20,640 science division at nasa headquarters 35 00:01:24,630 --> 00:01:22,159 for anyone listening would like to 36 00:01:27,190 --> 00:01:24,640 submit a question you can do so by using 37 00:01:29,109 --> 00:01:27,200 the ask nasa 38 00:01:31,590 --> 00:01:29,119 for members of the media on the phone 39 00:01:34,149 --> 00:01:31,600 you can ask a question by pressing star 40 00:01:35,749 --> 00:01:34,159 1 and entering the queue 41 00:01:37,990 --> 00:01:35,759 to access the images that we are 42 00:01:42,149 --> 00:01:38,000 discussing during this teleconference 43 00:01:44,789 --> 00:01:43,350 insight 44 00:01:46,310 --> 00:01:44,799 update 45 00:01:48,630 --> 00:01:46,320 telecom 46 00:01:50,950 --> 00:01:48,640 i'll hand it over to inside principal 47 00:01:53,350 --> 00:01:50,960 investigator bruce bannert to provide 48 00:01:55,990 --> 00:01:53,360 the big picture on insights activities 49 00:01:58,950 --> 00:01:56,000 on mars and how the spacecraft is 50 00:02:02,149 --> 00:01:58,960 measuring up to its goals 51 00:02:04,310 --> 00:02:02,159 thanks raquel so as uh as raquel noted 52 00:02:07,190 --> 00:02:04,320 we've been very busy at mars for the 53 00:02:08,550 --> 00:02:07,200 last three and a half years we've been 54 00:02:11,350 --> 00:02:08,560 obtaining some 55 00:02:13,190 --> 00:02:11,360 unprecedented data on the deep interior 56 00:02:15,750 --> 00:02:13,200 of mars as well as its weather and 57 00:02:17,190 --> 00:02:15,760 magnetic field and we're here today to 58 00:02:18,550 --> 00:02:17,200 talk to you a little bit about some of 59 00:02:20,309 --> 00:02:18,560 the results that we've gotten out of 60 00:02:21,910 --> 00:02:20,319 that and talk about you know sort of 61 00:02:24,309 --> 00:02:21,920 where we're going in in the next few 62 00:02:26,150 --> 00:02:24,319 months as our power starts to dwindle 63 00:02:28,869 --> 00:02:26,160 but first before i get to that i'd like 64 00:02:30,550 --> 00:02:28,879 to share some of the latest 65 00:02:32,630 --> 00:02:30,560 results that we have uh if you could 66 00:02:35,670 --> 00:02:32,640 bring up b1 please 67 00:02:38,790 --> 00:02:35,680 even as our power is starting to dwindle 68 00:02:39,750 --> 00:02:38,800 we're still doing great science at mars 69 00:02:41,350 --> 00:02:39,760 the 70 00:02:44,150 --> 00:02:41,360 animation that 71 00:02:45,110 --> 00:02:44,160 that we're bringing up here shows the 72 00:02:47,430 --> 00:02:45,120 latest 73 00:02:48,309 --> 00:02:47,440 large marsquake that we obtained just 74 00:02:53,509 --> 00:02:48,319 about 75 00:02:55,830 --> 00:02:53,519 biggest event of the of the mission uh 76 00:02:57,589 --> 00:02:55,840 it's a magnitude 5 event the biggest 77 00:03:00,470 --> 00:02:57,599 thing that we've seen before that was 78 00:03:03,430 --> 00:03:00,480 the magnitude 4 which is almost 10 times 79 00:03:06,149 --> 00:03:03,440 smaller so even as we're starting to get 80 00:03:09,110 --> 00:03:06,159 close to the end of our mission mars is 81 00:03:13,110 --> 00:03:09,120 still giving us some really uh amazing 82 00:03:14,790 --> 00:03:13,120 things to uh to see and to to add to our 83 00:03:15,589 --> 00:03:14,800 data record 84 00:03:21,430 --> 00:03:15,599 um 85 00:03:23,750 --> 00:03:21,440 obtaining data mostly from its 86 00:03:26,710 --> 00:03:23,760 seismometer that's our sort of marquee 87 00:03:28,390 --> 00:03:26,720 instrument and if you bring up b2 it 88 00:03:30,149 --> 00:03:28,400 shows an image of the seismometer 89 00:03:32,949 --> 00:03:30,159 sitting on the surface which is taken 90 00:03:36,149 --> 00:03:32,959 from our instrument context camera on 91 00:03:38,550 --> 00:03:36,159 insight this is a really super sensitive 92 00:03:40,949 --> 00:03:38,560 seismometer which measures the motion of 93 00:03:43,589 --> 00:03:40,959 the ground vibrations of the ground at 94 00:03:46,949 --> 00:03:43,599 an incredibly precise level down to the 95 00:03:49,270 --> 00:03:46,959 sort of the the scale of a single atom's 96 00:03:51,030 --> 00:03:49,280 radius is the the sort of the size the 97 00:03:53,350 --> 00:03:51,040 vibrations that we can sense with this 98 00:03:54,869 --> 00:03:53,360 and those vibrations um come from lots 99 00:03:57,110 --> 00:03:54,879 of things they come from the wind 100 00:03:59,270 --> 00:03:57,120 blowing around our spacecraft but more 101 00:04:01,429 --> 00:03:59,280 importantly they come from 102 00:04:03,429 --> 00:04:01,439 seismic waves of 103 00:04:05,110 --> 00:04:03,439 vibrational waves which travel through 104 00:04:07,670 --> 00:04:05,120 the planet from 105 00:04:09,830 --> 00:04:07,680 sources elsewhere on the planet if you 106 00:04:12,630 --> 00:04:09,840 bring up b3 107 00:04:13,670 --> 00:04:12,640 b3 shows an infographic that shows some 108 00:04:17,749 --> 00:04:13,680 of the 109 00:04:19,670 --> 00:04:17,759 mission uh down in the bottom it shows 110 00:04:21,990 --> 00:04:19,680 some of the sources that uh 111 00:04:23,909 --> 00:04:22,000 that create these seismic waves uh 112 00:04:26,710 --> 00:04:23,919 either faults on the surface which are 113 00:04:30,629 --> 00:04:26,720 which are created by forces in the crust 114 00:04:32,790 --> 00:04:30,639 uh due to mostly thermal 115 00:04:33,830 --> 00:04:32,800 thermal anomalies in the in the interior 116 00:04:35,830 --> 00:04:33,840 and 117 00:04:38,710 --> 00:04:35,840 a mantle convection things like that 118 00:04:41,350 --> 00:04:38,720 also possibly by impacts 119 00:04:42,950 --> 00:04:41,360 and these sources create vibrations 120 00:04:45,270 --> 00:04:42,960 create waves that travel through the 121 00:04:47,189 --> 00:04:45,280 planet as they travel through the planet 122 00:04:49,189 --> 00:04:47,199 they are affected by the various 123 00:04:51,590 --> 00:04:49,199 materials that they uh 124 00:04:53,030 --> 00:04:51,600 pass through they're reflected off of 125 00:04:55,110 --> 00:04:53,040 boundaries they're refracted at 126 00:04:57,030 --> 00:04:55,120 boundaries lots of things happen these 127 00:04:59,909 --> 00:04:57,040 ways and the seismologists use 128 00:05:01,830 --> 00:04:59,919 techniques to decode the waves and and 129 00:05:03,670 --> 00:05:01,840 pull from them the information that they 130 00:05:06,230 --> 00:05:03,680 picked up as they go through the planet 131 00:05:08,150 --> 00:05:06,240 and we are able to 132 00:05:10,150 --> 00:05:08,160 basically we've been able to map out the 133 00:05:13,350 --> 00:05:10,160 inside of mars for the very first time 134 00:05:16,070 --> 00:05:13,360 in history we're able to get the size of 135 00:05:18,230 --> 00:05:16,080 the core we're able to deduce something 136 00:05:19,909 --> 00:05:18,240 about its density and therefore the 137 00:05:21,350 --> 00:05:19,919 composition of the core 138 00:05:23,430 --> 00:05:21,360 we've 139 00:05:24,710 --> 00:05:23,440 detected the bottom of the crust and 140 00:05:27,029 --> 00:05:24,720 we're able to 141 00:05:29,350 --> 00:05:27,039 to determine the thickness of the the 142 00:05:32,150 --> 00:05:29,360 martian crust and we've been able to 143 00:05:32,950 --> 00:05:32,160 probe the the mantle of the of of mars 144 00:05:37,830 --> 00:05:32,960 uh 145 00:05:40,390 --> 00:05:37,840 about its temperature structure and it's 146 00:05:43,189 --> 00:05:40,400 uh and it's a mineralogical structure 147 00:05:44,870 --> 00:05:43,199 and so these are the primary goals of 148 00:05:47,110 --> 00:05:44,880 insight the main goals of insight that 149 00:05:50,790 --> 00:05:47,120 we actually put forth when we proposed 150 00:05:53,189 --> 00:05:50,800 this mission uh almost 10 years ago and 151 00:05:55,590 --> 00:05:53,199 we've been able to uh meet all these 152 00:05:57,670 --> 00:05:55,600 goals and during the course of the of of 153 00:05:58,550 --> 00:05:57,680 our mission 154 00:06:00,390 --> 00:05:58,560 um 155 00:06:02,309 --> 00:06:00,400 this mission is 156 00:06:03,909 --> 00:06:02,319 is uh uh 157 00:06:06,390 --> 00:06:03,919 really you know near and dear to my 158 00:06:09,029 --> 00:06:06,400 heart it's been part of my life for even 159 00:06:11,430 --> 00:06:09,039 longer than 10 years i've been 160 00:06:13,590 --> 00:06:11,440 trying to get a seismometer on mars for 161 00:06:15,350 --> 00:06:13,600 most of my professional career 162 00:06:17,029 --> 00:06:15,360 and if you bring up 163 00:06:19,110 --> 00:06:17,039 image b4 164 00:06:21,110 --> 00:06:19,120 it shows a little bit of my personal 165 00:06:24,390 --> 00:06:21,120 connection so that insight was actually 166 00:06:26,309 --> 00:06:24,400 selected uh on my birthday so every time 167 00:06:29,110 --> 00:06:26,319 inside has a birthday i have a birthday 168 00:06:31,029 --> 00:06:29,120 too and uh this is a picture of the 169 00:06:33,430 --> 00:06:31,039 birthday cake that we 170 00:06:35,670 --> 00:06:33,440 my wife and i baked for inside's first 171 00:06:38,710 --> 00:06:35,680 birthday and because we're nerds we made 172 00:06:40,309 --> 00:06:38,720 a spherical birthday cake and 173 00:06:42,070 --> 00:06:40,319 if you look at the the structure of this 174 00:06:43,670 --> 00:06:42,080 cake the size of the corn the thickness 175 00:06:44,550 --> 00:06:43,680 of the crust are actually pretty close 176 00:06:47,110 --> 00:06:44,560 to what 177 00:06:49,670 --> 00:06:47,120 insight was able to determine 178 00:06:51,510 --> 00:06:49,680 many years later so i i think we had a 179 00:06:52,550 --> 00:06:51,520 pretty good idea of what was going on 180 00:06:54,469 --> 00:06:52,560 there 181 00:06:57,749 --> 00:06:54,479 so um 182 00:07:00,550 --> 00:06:57,759 so as uh katya will talk about uh in a 183 00:07:03,189 --> 00:07:00,560 minute uh insight's probably coming to 184 00:07:04,469 --> 00:07:03,199 the end end of its uh scientific life 185 00:07:06,790 --> 00:07:04,479 pretty soon 186 00:07:09,029 --> 00:07:06,800 but i think you know insight has a quite 187 00:07:11,589 --> 00:07:09,039 a legacy and if you look at the last 188 00:07:13,670 --> 00:07:11,599 image b5 that i have here this is a 189 00:07:16,309 --> 00:07:13,680 movie showing sunrise 190 00:07:19,430 --> 00:07:16,319 at mars from from insight that we took 191 00:07:21,510 --> 00:07:19,440 uh a a few months ago and i think that 192 00:07:23,670 --> 00:07:21,520 in a way this is really just the start 193 00:07:25,189 --> 00:07:23,680 of insights legacy the the data that 194 00:07:27,270 --> 00:07:25,199 we've taken over the last three and a 195 00:07:29,430 --> 00:07:27,280 half years and will still be taken in 196 00:07:31,830 --> 00:07:29,440 the next couple of months is all being 197 00:07:33,909 --> 00:07:31,840 you know archived on 198 00:07:36,230 --> 00:07:33,919 websites which are labeled available to 199 00:07:38,309 --> 00:07:36,240 the entire scientific community of the 200 00:07:40,790 --> 00:07:38,319 world and i think the data that we're 201 00:07:43,430 --> 00:07:40,800 taking with the insight seismometer its 202 00:07:45,430 --> 00:07:43,440 weather station its magnetometer and the 203 00:07:46,629 --> 00:07:45,440 precision tracking that we've done uh 204 00:07:48,950 --> 00:07:46,639 will be 205 00:07:51,430 --> 00:07:48,960 yielding with scientific results with uh 206 00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:51,440 new ways of analyzing this data for 207 00:07:54,550 --> 00:07:52,960 decades to come 208 00:07:57,990 --> 00:07:54,560 and with that i'd like to turn it over 209 00:08:00,629 --> 00:07:58,000 to katya de morgan to talk a little bit 210 00:08:02,150 --> 00:08:00,639 about what the situation is on mars with 211 00:08:04,390 --> 00:08:02,160 insight 212 00:08:06,230 --> 00:08:04,400 great thank you bruce um so the big 213 00:08:07,830 --> 00:08:06,240 question is right what what does our 214 00:08:10,790 --> 00:08:07,840 lander look like right now as far as 215 00:08:12,390 --> 00:08:10,800 power consumption if we bring up k1 216 00:08:17,029 --> 00:08:12,400 please 217 00:08:20,309 --> 00:08:18,629 you see on the left hand side here this 218 00:08:21,990 --> 00:08:20,319 is a selfie that was taken to the lander 219 00:08:23,749 --> 00:08:22,000 when we first landed back in november of 220 00:08:25,830 --> 00:08:23,759 2018. that was three and a half years 221 00:08:27,990 --> 00:08:25,840 ago you see the solar panels are nice 222 00:08:30,230 --> 00:08:28,000 and black that allows us to collect 223 00:08:32,469 --> 00:08:30,240 energy from the the sun there and you 224 00:08:35,029 --> 00:08:32,479 can see upon landing we're approximately 225 00:08:37,190 --> 00:08:35,039 about 5 000 watt hours per sole for 226 00:08:38,709 --> 00:08:37,200 available energy to do our operations 227 00:08:40,310 --> 00:08:38,719 now we use the term soul and that's 228 00:08:41,670 --> 00:08:40,320 really referring to a martian day and 229 00:08:43,350 --> 00:08:41,680 it's different than an earth day it's 230 00:08:45,430 --> 00:08:43,360 approximately 40 minutes longer so we do 231 00:08:48,070 --> 00:08:45,440 need to take that difference in time 232 00:08:49,670 --> 00:08:48,080 into our operations timeline so if you 233 00:08:51,509 --> 00:08:49,680 look at the right hand side today we're 234 00:08:53,750 --> 00:08:51,519 at about a tenth of that available power 235 00:08:55,910 --> 00:08:53,760 approximately about 500 watt hours per 236 00:08:57,750 --> 00:08:55,920 sole to do our operations our solar 237 00:08:59,269 --> 00:08:57,760 panels are now covered with some nice 238 00:09:01,269 --> 00:08:59,279 martian dust there you see it looks more 239 00:09:02,870 --> 00:09:01,279 of an orangish kind of color so that 240 00:09:05,110 --> 00:09:02,880 limits the amount of 241 00:09:06,870 --> 00:09:05,120 activities we can do that includes 242 00:09:10,230 --> 00:09:06,880 running the seismometer 243 00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:10,240 other instruments and moving our arm 244 00:09:14,550 --> 00:09:13,200 so if we bring up k2 it'll show a 245 00:09:16,070 --> 00:09:14,560 timeline 246 00:09:18,550 --> 00:09:16,080 of what we're going to be able to do for 247 00:09:19,670 --> 00:09:18,560 the remainder of 2022 248 00:09:23,430 --> 00:09:19,680 so 249 00:09:24,949 --> 00:09:23,440 during spring of 2022 250 00:09:26,389 --> 00:09:24,959 we are going to be running our 251 00:09:28,070 --> 00:09:26,399 seismometer 252 00:09:29,829 --> 00:09:28,080 continuously and that will happen for 253 00:09:32,949 --> 00:09:29,839 another few weeks 254 00:09:35,509 --> 00:09:32,959 we do have a couple of arm activities 255 00:09:36,870 --> 00:09:35,519 that we'd like to finalize 256 00:09:39,030 --> 00:09:36,880 those will be happening in the coming 257 00:09:40,710 --> 00:09:39,040 weeks as well and shortly thereafter 258 00:09:43,110 --> 00:09:40,720 we'll be placing the arm in a retirement 259 00:09:45,269 --> 00:09:43,120 post so if you look at the graphic below 260 00:09:46,949 --> 00:09:45,279 the arm is kind of in an l shape our 261 00:09:48,870 --> 00:09:46,959 retirement pose is kind of in an 262 00:09:51,430 --> 00:09:48,880 inverted v which allows the camera 263 00:09:53,590 --> 00:09:51,440 that's attached to the arm to be able to 264 00:09:56,310 --> 00:09:53,600 take images of the seismometer and the 265 00:09:57,110 --> 00:09:56,320 hp3 mole in front of the actual lander 266 00:09:59,269 --> 00:09:57,120 there 267 00:10:01,190 --> 00:09:59,279 so it takes a lot less energy to run the 268 00:10:02,150 --> 00:10:01,200 camera we'll be able to do that past 269 00:10:05,670 --> 00:10:02,160 spring 270 00:10:07,430 --> 00:10:05,680 now towards the end of summer of 22 um 271 00:10:09,030 --> 00:10:07,440 we anticipate our seismometer to be 272 00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:09,040 turned off not because we want to turn 273 00:10:13,269 --> 00:10:10,720 them off but unfortunately we don't have 274 00:10:15,590 --> 00:10:13,279 the energy to run it we will be running 275 00:10:17,190 --> 00:10:15,600 it in various durations from continuous 276 00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:17,200 to approximately maybe like 12 hours or 277 00:10:20,550 --> 00:10:18,880 six hours for salt 278 00:10:22,630 --> 00:10:20,560 but we do expect to end science 279 00:10:24,949 --> 00:10:22,640 operations at the end of summer 280 00:10:27,910 --> 00:10:24,959 and again uh at that time we'll have 281 00:10:31,110 --> 00:10:27,920 lower energy levels but we'll be able to 282 00:10:33,829 --> 00:10:31,120 monitor the lander power levels maybe 283 00:10:35,590 --> 00:10:33,839 once per saw or every other saw 284 00:10:37,750 --> 00:10:35,600 and again be able to maybe take a couple 285 00:10:39,990 --> 00:10:37,760 of images of the camera there 286 00:10:42,150 --> 00:10:40,000 at the end of the calendar year we do 287 00:10:43,990 --> 00:10:42,160 anticipate to conclude all of inside 288 00:10:45,509 --> 00:10:44,000 operations and again that's just due to 289 00:10:47,269 --> 00:10:45,519 the lack of energy 290 00:10:48,470 --> 00:10:47,279 so our operations team we have a really 291 00:10:50,230 --> 00:10:48,480 bright team 292 00:10:53,030 --> 00:10:50,240 working on the project and we were 293 00:10:54,710 --> 00:10:53,040 sitting there back in 2020 2021 thinking 294 00:10:56,230 --> 00:10:54,720 about what can we do with this energy 295 00:10:59,030 --> 00:10:56,240 situation because it was predicted to 296 00:11:00,630 --> 00:10:59,040 decline so we had a really clever idea 297 00:11:02,389 --> 00:11:00,640 of trying to figure out how we can 298 00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:02,399 actually clean these solar panels and 299 00:11:05,910 --> 00:11:04,240 one of the ideas was using the martian 300 00:11:06,870 --> 00:11:05,920 dirt to clean the dirt off the solar 301 00:11:07,670 --> 00:11:06,880 panels 302 00:11:09,509 --> 00:11:07,680 so 303 00:11:10,870 --> 00:11:09,519 the idea was proposed we all agreed 304 00:11:13,509 --> 00:11:10,880 let's try this i think this is going to 305 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:13,519 work so if you bring up k3 306 00:11:18,630 --> 00:11:15,360 this is an animation 307 00:11:20,790 --> 00:11:18,640 that you will see where we use the arm 308 00:11:23,750 --> 00:11:20,800 to scoop the dirt 309 00:11:26,710 --> 00:11:23,760 transport it over the lander here and we 310 00:11:28,870 --> 00:11:26,720 slowly let the dirt fall onto the deck 311 00:11:31,030 --> 00:11:28,880 of a lander so that the 312 00:11:32,710 --> 00:11:31,040 dirt is carried over by the solar winds 313 00:11:34,310 --> 00:11:32,720 across the solar panels cleaning it now 314 00:11:36,710 --> 00:11:34,320 if you looked at the left hand corner of 315 00:11:39,509 --> 00:11:36,720 that animation originally started off 316 00:11:41,590 --> 00:11:39,519 orangish color and when the winds blew 317 00:11:43,509 --> 00:11:41,600 the dirt over it turned it into a more 318 00:11:45,110 --> 00:11:43,519 black color allowing us to collect more 319 00:11:46,630 --> 00:11:45,120 energy there so that was really good 320 00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:46,640 cleaning we've done this six times 321 00:11:50,230 --> 00:11:48,240 successfully 322 00:11:51,990 --> 00:11:50,240 doing this allowed us to 323 00:11:54,949 --> 00:11:52,000 continue to run our seismometer 324 00:11:56,470 --> 00:11:54,959 continuously for four to six weeks so 325 00:11:57,750 --> 00:11:56,480 luckily we've been able to do that so 326 00:11:59,829 --> 00:11:57,760 that we were able to catch that last 327 00:12:02,150 --> 00:11:59,839 mars quake in the last few weeks so 328 00:12:03,590 --> 00:12:02,160 that's really really exciting for us so 329 00:12:05,269 --> 00:12:03,600 you know it's an amazing team that we've 330 00:12:06,550 --> 00:12:05,279 worked on we've captured a lot of 331 00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:06,560 lessons learned based on all the 332 00:12:09,910 --> 00:12:08,320 challenges that we've endured on the 333 00:12:11,430 --> 00:12:09,920 martian environment and we're hoping 334 00:12:13,269 --> 00:12:11,440 that this will be carried into future 335 00:12:16,230 --> 00:12:13,279 missions i'm here to talk a little bit 336 00:12:18,389 --> 00:12:16,240 more about that is lori glaze 337 00:12:20,710 --> 00:12:18,399 great thank you katya 338 00:12:23,350 --> 00:12:20,720 yeah so the you know the insight mission 339 00:12:25,350 --> 00:12:23,360 has really just been an incredible 340 00:12:27,590 --> 00:12:25,360 mission for us it's given us a glimpse 341 00:12:31,030 --> 00:12:27,600 of mars that we couldn't get from any 342 00:12:32,629 --> 00:12:31,040 other spacecraft in our nasa mars fleet 343 00:12:34,550 --> 00:12:32,639 an interpretation of the insight data 344 00:12:37,190 --> 00:12:34,560 have really furthered our understanding 345 00:12:38,790 --> 00:12:37,200 of how rocky planets form throughout the 346 00:12:40,710 --> 00:12:38,800 universe and you know in addition to 347 00:12:43,990 --> 00:12:40,720 just at mars so if i can 348 00:12:45,509 --> 00:12:44,000 pull up uh the graphic l1 um i just 349 00:12:48,230 --> 00:12:45,519 wanted to remind folks that you know 350 00:12:50,949 --> 00:12:48,240 nasa's uh discovery program insight is 351 00:12:52,949 --> 00:12:50,959 part of that discovery program um and as 352 00:12:54,550 --> 00:12:52,959 i said i mean it's not just telling us 353 00:12:56,710 --> 00:12:54,560 information about mars but broadening 354 00:12:58,310 --> 00:12:56,720 our planetary science understanding and 355 00:13:00,629 --> 00:12:58,320 helping us think differently about other 356 00:13:02,710 --> 00:13:00,639 rocky planets across the solar system 357 00:13:04,710 --> 00:13:02,720 and beyond i think you know 358 00:13:06,790 --> 00:13:04,720 understanding mars and studying mars's 359 00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:06,800 interior structure answers key questions 360 00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:08,720 about the early formation of these rocky 361 00:13:12,550 --> 00:13:10,320 planets in our inner solar system 362 00:13:13,590 --> 00:13:12,560 including mercury venus earth earth's 363 00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:13,600 moon 364 00:13:17,190 --> 00:13:15,760 and mars and you know trying to 365 00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:17,200 understand what they were like more than 366 00:13:22,310 --> 00:13:19,200 four billion years ago as well as 367 00:13:24,470 --> 00:13:22,320 helping us understand rocky exoplanets 368 00:13:27,590 --> 00:13:24,480 and we're just so lucky to have this 369 00:13:29,750 --> 00:13:27,600 great nursery of rocky planets nearby 370 00:13:31,829 --> 00:13:29,760 that we can study and help inform how we 371 00:13:33,509 --> 00:13:31,839 interpret data for some of the distant 372 00:13:35,190 --> 00:13:33,519 exoplanets of thousands of distant 373 00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:35,200 exoplanets that we're discovering now 374 00:13:41,350 --> 00:13:37,760 hundreds of which are we believe 375 00:13:43,509 --> 00:13:41,360 terrestrial or rocky exoplanets 376 00:13:45,829 --> 00:13:43,519 so i wanted to say a few words about 377 00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:45,839 insight's power system um thinking about 378 00:13:50,310 --> 00:13:47,760 it from the mission 379 00:13:52,310 --> 00:13:50,320 development perspective for each mission 380 00:13:54,150 --> 00:13:52,320 you know we decide what power source is 381 00:13:55,269 --> 00:13:54,160 most appropriate based on its science 382 00:13:57,910 --> 00:13:55,279 goals 383 00:14:00,629 --> 00:13:57,920 discovery class mission like insight 384 00:14:03,189 --> 00:14:00,639 is very very focused and our goal really 385 00:14:05,829 --> 00:14:03,199 is to maximize the incredible science 386 00:14:07,430 --> 00:14:05,839 return that we can get from each mission 387 00:14:10,389 --> 00:14:07,440 the principal investigator is 388 00:14:12,069 --> 00:14:10,399 responsible for making that happen 389 00:14:14,550 --> 00:14:12,079 and one way to do that is to implement 390 00:14:17,670 --> 00:14:14,560 hardware that's flown before the use of 391 00:14:19,670 --> 00:14:17,680 such heritage we call heritage hardware 392 00:14:22,069 --> 00:14:19,680 allows the mission funding to be used to 393 00:14:24,389 --> 00:14:22,079 help us get the most science that we 394 00:14:26,389 --> 00:14:24,399 possibly can out of each mission and in 395 00:14:28,230 --> 00:14:26,399 the case of insight the mission is 396 00:14:30,310 --> 00:14:28,240 powered by those two solar panels that 397 00:14:32,470 --> 00:14:30,320 katie was showing you and those solar 398 00:14:34,790 --> 00:14:32,480 panels had worked previously 399 00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:34,800 successfully on the proven design of 400 00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:37,360 nasa's the mars phoenix lander which 401 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:38,320 flew 402 00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:40,720 before insight 403 00:14:45,030 --> 00:14:42,720 and so those solar panels on inside were 404 00:14:46,710 --> 00:14:45,040 really only meant to provide power or 405 00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:46,720 designed to provide power for the 406 00:14:51,189 --> 00:14:48,320 primary mission but i feel like we've 407 00:14:54,230 --> 00:14:51,199 been so lucky to get an extra year and a 408 00:14:56,710 --> 00:14:54,240 half of bonus science during the 409 00:14:58,389 --> 00:14:56,720 insight extended mission 410 00:15:00,310 --> 00:14:58,399 and so just thinking about those three 411 00:15:02,470 --> 00:15:00,320 and a half years of primary and extended 412 00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:02,480 operations uh you know you heard bruce 413 00:15:07,030 --> 00:15:05,600 talking about some of the amazing uh 414 00:15:08,550 --> 00:15:07,040 science accomplishments that have been 415 00:15:10,310 --> 00:15:08,560 achieved by the mission i just thought i 416 00:15:12,230 --> 00:15:10,320 would mention you know a few of my 417 00:15:13,829 --> 00:15:12,240 favorite um you know first of all i 418 00:15:16,629 --> 00:15:13,839 think the ability 419 00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:16,639 to see into the interior of the planet 420 00:15:21,350 --> 00:15:19,279 this is something that we can try to do 421 00:15:23,910 --> 00:15:21,360 a little bit from orbit but to to 422 00:15:26,310 --> 00:15:23,920 overcome that constraint of only being 423 00:15:27,829 --> 00:15:26,320 able to see from from the outside really 424 00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:27,839 required 425 00:15:32,790 --> 00:15:30,160 this seismic instrument on the surface 426 00:15:33,749 --> 00:15:32,800 of mars as bruce said he's been dreaming 427 00:15:35,430 --> 00:15:33,759 of 428 00:15:37,670 --> 00:15:35,440 quite a long time 429 00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:37,680 you know secondly the ability of insight 430 00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:38,800 to determine 431 00:15:42,790 --> 00:15:40,480 the state of the core 432 00:15:44,870 --> 00:15:42,800 the the liquid state of the core 433 00:15:46,710 --> 00:15:44,880 from the precise measure of the wobble 434 00:15:48,629 --> 00:15:46,720 of the planet as it spins to me that is 435 00:15:50,710 --> 00:15:48,639 just almost mind-blowing just the level 436 00:15:52,389 --> 00:15:50,720 of precision that's required 437 00:15:54,710 --> 00:15:52,399 to get that measurement 438 00:15:57,509 --> 00:15:54,720 and then finally just using the the 439 00:15:58,949 --> 00:15:57,519 seismic data uh as a means to learn more 440 00:16:00,870 --> 00:15:58,959 about the density and structure of the 441 00:16:02,790 --> 00:16:00,880 crust to me it's just been so cool 442 00:16:04,310 --> 00:16:02,800 including you know that while the crust 443 00:16:06,389 --> 00:16:04,320 is perhaps thinner than expected that 444 00:16:08,629 --> 00:16:06,399 there may be two or even possibly three 445 00:16:11,269 --> 00:16:08,639 sub layers within the crust 446 00:16:14,790 --> 00:16:11,279 so finally i want to wrap up by thanking 447 00:16:17,509 --> 00:16:14,800 bruce and his incredibly dedicated team 448 00:16:19,350 --> 00:16:17,519 that met every challenge with innovation 449 00:16:20,870 --> 00:16:19,360 and creativity 450 00:16:22,550 --> 00:16:20,880 you know they've had many challenges 451 00:16:24,870 --> 00:16:22,560 mars didn't 452 00:16:27,749 --> 00:16:24,880 want to cooperate in some cases 453 00:16:29,829 --> 00:16:27,759 but this team was so creative over and 454 00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:29,839 over to come up with amazing ways to 455 00:16:34,629 --> 00:16:32,320 keep trying and not giving up on 456 00:16:36,470 --> 00:16:34,639 maximizing the science return 457 00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:36,480 and the incredible legacy as bruce does 458 00:16:39,990 --> 00:16:37,920 the legacy of this mission that's going 459 00:16:42,230 --> 00:16:40,000 to live on far beyond the lifetime of 460 00:16:44,069 --> 00:16:42,240 the spacecraft you know they've found uh 461 00:16:45,269 --> 00:16:44,079 creative ways to use the scoop you saw 462 00:16:47,430 --> 00:16:45,279 the the 463 00:16:48,949 --> 00:16:47,440 the video that uh that katie was showing 464 00:16:51,189 --> 00:16:48,959 showing picking up the dust with the 465 00:16:53,030 --> 00:16:51,199 scoop and rallying rattling the dust off 466 00:16:54,949 --> 00:16:53,040 of the arrays and a variety of other 467 00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:54,959 things as well so i have a tremendous 468 00:16:57,749 --> 00:16:56,399 amount of respect for bruce and his 469 00:17:00,629 --> 00:16:57,759 entire team 470 00:17:03,269 --> 00:17:00,639 so if you can pull up graphic l2 471 00:17:05,029 --> 00:17:03,279 i just want to again restate as bruce 472 00:17:06,470 --> 00:17:05,039 says the legacy that these measurements 473 00:17:09,029 --> 00:17:06,480 and discoveries of insight are going to 474 00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:09,039 hold for a very very long time they're 475 00:17:13,750 --> 00:17:11,280 unique and special and we've made 476 00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:13,760 incredible advance advances in 477 00:17:17,669 --> 00:17:15,679 understanding the interior of mars that 478 00:17:20,069 --> 00:17:17,679 are not likely to be improved for 479 00:17:22,309 --> 00:17:20,079 decades and so as you kind of look at 480 00:17:25,029 --> 00:17:22,319 the sunset as viewed from insight we 481 00:17:26,870 --> 00:17:25,039 will think forward to the sunset of the 482 00:17:28,710 --> 00:17:26,880 spacecraft but not the sunset of the 483 00:17:30,710 --> 00:17:28,720 science that's going to continue to come 484 00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:30,720 thank you 485 00:17:37,909 --> 00:17:35,600 speakers we are now ready to take media 486 00:17:40,150 --> 00:17:37,919 questions remember to press star one to 487 00:17:42,230 --> 00:17:40,160 get put in the queue and please direct 488 00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:42,240 your questions to one of the panelists 489 00:17:46,150 --> 00:17:44,080 we're also taking questions through the 490 00:17:48,070 --> 00:17:46,160 ask nasa 491 00:17:49,510 --> 00:17:48,080 if you are a member of the media asking 492 00:17:52,230 --> 00:17:49,520 questions and watching this 493 00:17:53,909 --> 00:17:52,240 teleconference on your computer please 494 00:17:56,310 --> 00:17:53,919 mute your computer speakers before 495 00:17:58,950 --> 00:17:56,320 asking your questions or else you will 496 00:18:01,110 --> 00:17:58,960 hear some feedback on the line 497 00:18:04,789 --> 00:18:01,120 up first is 498 00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:04,799 marcia dunn with the associated press 499 00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:07,360 yes hi can you hear me 500 00:18:11,750 --> 00:18:09,919 yes we can hear you oh good for dr 501 00:18:13,430 --> 00:18:11,760 banner i'm just wondering if you and 502 00:18:16,070 --> 00:18:13,440 your team are already in mourning there 503 00:18:19,029 --> 00:18:16,080 must be a sense of sadness about this 504 00:18:20,950 --> 00:18:19,039 and and when we think of 505 00:18:22,870 --> 00:18:20,960 mars landers we think of opportunity 506 00:18:24,870 --> 00:18:22,880 being taken out by this massive dust 507 00:18:27,350 --> 00:18:24,880 storm and i know that wasn't the case 508 00:18:29,110 --> 00:18:27,360 here was it just drips and drabs of dust 509 00:18:31,430 --> 00:18:29,120 over the years just 510 00:18:34,310 --> 00:18:31,440 finally taking its toll 511 00:18:35,909 --> 00:18:34,320 and and lastly for the uh for the german 512 00:18:37,430 --> 00:18:35,919 experiment the mole 513 00:18:39,029 --> 00:18:37,440 what's the bottom line on why that 514 00:18:43,190 --> 00:18:39,039 didn't work do you think was it just an 515 00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:43,200 unlucky place to land dirt wise thanks 516 00:18:47,270 --> 00:18:45,360 okay so first of all um there really 517 00:18:49,270 --> 00:18:47,280 hasn't been too much doom and gloom on 518 00:18:51,510 --> 00:18:49,280 the team we're really still focused on 519 00:18:53,669 --> 00:18:51,520 on operating the spacecraft it's it's 520 00:18:56,390 --> 00:18:53,679 it's a it's a busy it's a it's a 521 00:18:58,789 --> 00:18:56,400 full-time job keeping keeping this uh 522 00:19:00,150 --> 00:18:58,799 this spacecraft alive and operating and 523 00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:00,160 getting science 524 00:19:04,789 --> 00:19:02,240 on mars and we're still you know 525 00:19:06,390 --> 00:19:04,799 figuring out how to get the most uh most 526 00:19:07,909 --> 00:19:06,400 science out of it get the most data out 527 00:19:09,590 --> 00:19:07,919 of it and you know every day you know 528 00:19:10,630 --> 00:19:09,600 we're figuring out how to optimize 529 00:19:12,390 --> 00:19:10,640 things so 530 00:19:14,150 --> 00:19:12,400 we really haven't had time to really 531 00:19:16,630 --> 00:19:14,160 reflect on what's coming up and that 532 00:19:18,630 --> 00:19:16,640 that i think that'll probably come 533 00:19:21,110 --> 00:19:18,640 later this summer so 534 00:19:23,510 --> 00:19:21,120 you know tune back in later and ask us 535 00:19:26,390 --> 00:19:23,520 how sad we are and when we have time 536 00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:26,400 we'll tell you um in terms of let's see 537 00:19:32,230 --> 00:19:29,600 so the the in terms of the hp cube mole 538 00:19:34,710 --> 00:19:32,240 um the problem we had with that was that 539 00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:34,720 we ran into an unexpected kind of soil 540 00:19:38,549 --> 00:19:36,000 we we 541 00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:38,559 designed the mold to penetrate into 542 00:19:41,909 --> 00:19:40,720 sandy unconsolidated soil the kind that 543 00:19:45,909 --> 00:19:41,919 we've seen 544 00:19:47,190 --> 00:19:45,919 at spirit opportunity before us and even 545 00:19:53,990 --> 00:19:47,200 at 546 00:19:56,150 --> 00:19:54,000 be landing on but it turned out the 547 00:19:58,630 --> 00:19:56,160 particular soil that was underneath 548 00:20:02,630 --> 00:19:58,640 insight when we landed had a 549 00:20:05,350 --> 00:20:02,640 consolidated uh layer of crusty soil at 550 00:20:07,350 --> 00:20:05,360 the very top and that crusty soil sort 551 00:20:10,390 --> 00:20:07,360 of disintegrated as the mold tried to 552 00:20:12,549 --> 00:20:10,400 penetrate and thus was not able to 553 00:20:14,149 --> 00:20:12,559 provide the the friction on the sides of 554 00:20:17,909 --> 00:20:14,159 the mold that we required to keep it 555 00:20:19,590 --> 00:20:17,919 from rebounding as it went down and so 556 00:20:22,149 --> 00:20:19,600 the the good news is we learned 557 00:20:23,909 --> 00:20:22,159 something new about the soil of mars uh 558 00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:23,919 the bad news is we weren't able to get 559 00:20:27,990 --> 00:20:25,600 down more than just 560 00:20:29,510 --> 00:20:28,000 to be able to bury the mole itself and 561 00:20:31,190 --> 00:20:29,520 we weren't able to get our heat flow 562 00:20:32,310 --> 00:20:31,200 measurement that that we had wanted to 563 00:20:34,710 --> 00:20:32,320 get 564 00:20:36,549 --> 00:20:34,720 we're still able to do a lot of uh 565 00:20:37,909 --> 00:20:36,559 science with the mole get uh some 566 00:20:40,149 --> 00:20:37,919 thermal measurements and physical 567 00:20:41,990 --> 00:20:40,159 measurements on the soil itself but you 568 00:20:43,830 --> 00:20:42,000 know getting not being able to get that 569 00:20:46,390 --> 00:20:43,840 heat flow measurement was probably the 570 00:20:48,549 --> 00:20:46,400 the biggest disappointment uh of of the 571 00:20:50,310 --> 00:20:48,559 mission 572 00:20:52,470 --> 00:20:50,320 and as far as the 573 00:20:54,630 --> 00:20:52,480 the problem with the dust that's not 574 00:20:56,710 --> 00:20:54,640 from one big storm but it's what just an 575 00:20:57,990 --> 00:20:56,720 accumulation over natural dusting over 576 00:21:00,470 --> 00:20:58,000 the years 577 00:21:02,630 --> 00:21:00,480 yeah it's an accumulation and we we had 578 00:21:04,549 --> 00:21:02,640 predicted sort of the rate of commut of 579 00:21:07,510 --> 00:21:04,559 accumulation based on previous missions 580 00:21:09,110 --> 00:21:07,520 and it was about what we expected um 581 00:21:10,630 --> 00:21:09,120 what we had hoped for was that every 582 00:21:12,789 --> 00:21:10,640 once in a while those the panels might 583 00:21:14,630 --> 00:21:12,799 get cleaned off by uh 584 00:21:16,390 --> 00:21:14,640 particularly high gusts of wind or 585 00:21:18,789 --> 00:21:16,400 perhaps dust devils 586 00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:18,799 has happened with spirit and opportunity 587 00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:21,360 but we're apparently in a place on mars 588 00:21:26,630 --> 00:21:23,600 that doesn't have as many dust devils as 589 00:21:29,270 --> 00:21:26,640 gooseberry crater or mariana planum 590 00:21:31,110 --> 00:21:29,280 so that just hasn't happened to us yet 591 00:21:33,110 --> 00:21:31,120 it could still happen there there are 592 00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:33,120 lots of dust devils around us we've 593 00:21:37,510 --> 00:21:36,000 actually been able to sense uh several 594 00:21:40,549 --> 00:21:37,520 thousand dust devils with our very 595 00:21:42,630 --> 00:21:40,559 sensitive uh pressure sensor that that 596 00:21:45,190 --> 00:21:42,640 sees the the dip in atmospheric pressure 597 00:21:47,750 --> 00:21:45,200 as they go by but none of them have 598 00:21:51,029 --> 00:21:47,760 quite hit us dead on yet enough to blow 599 00:21:53,669 --> 00:21:51,039 the dust off the panels so 600 00:21:55,350 --> 00:21:53,679 we're still watching for that um we're 601 00:21:56,950 --> 00:21:55,360 not too hopeful given that it's been 602 00:22:01,669 --> 00:21:56,960 three and a half years and we haven't 603 00:22:06,870 --> 00:22:03,510 thank you bruce up next we have 604 00:22:08,549 --> 00:22:06,880 elizabeth howell with space.com 605 00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:08,559 thanks everyone for the time today this 606 00:22:12,390 --> 00:22:10,720 is probably for katya you did provide a 607 00:22:14,149 --> 00:22:12,400 little bit of detail about what the ramp 608 00:22:15,350 --> 00:22:14,159 down plan is going to be for insight but 609 00:22:17,750 --> 00:22:15,360 i was wondering if you could kind of 610 00:22:19,190 --> 00:22:17,760 give both a sequence for the instruments 611 00:22:20,950 --> 00:22:19,200 and a sequence for the science 612 00:22:23,110 --> 00:22:20,960 especially after the seismometer is shut 613 00:22:24,149 --> 00:22:23,120 off 614 00:22:27,990 --> 00:22:24,159 so 615 00:22:31,350 --> 00:22:28,000 mentioned the next couple of weeks we'll 616 00:22:32,870 --> 00:22:31,360 be running it continuously um in about 617 00:22:34,630 --> 00:22:32,880 three weeks we're probably going to 618 00:22:36,630 --> 00:22:34,640 reach the threshold we don't have the 619 00:22:39,190 --> 00:22:36,640 energy to keep it on continuously so 620 00:22:41,430 --> 00:22:39,200 we'll uh be turning it on probably for a 621 00:22:43,430 --> 00:22:41,440 duration of maybe half a saw 622 00:22:45,190 --> 00:22:43,440 and then maybe every other every other 623 00:22:47,350 --> 00:22:45,200 saw depending on 624 00:22:49,510 --> 00:22:47,360 how much energy that's going to take 625 00:22:51,590 --> 00:22:49,520 and we'll keep doing that um until we 626 00:22:54,870 --> 00:22:51,600 just don't have an event enough energy 627 00:22:56,710 --> 00:22:54,880 to keep the seismometer on at all um 628 00:22:58,630 --> 00:22:56,720 let's see did you had a secondary 629 00:23:00,310 --> 00:22:58,640 question i'm sorry could you repeat that 630 00:23:01,830 --> 00:23:00,320 yes exactly i wanted to know about the 631 00:23:03,270 --> 00:23:01,840 instruments and also about the science 632 00:23:04,470 --> 00:23:03,280 thank you 633 00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:04,480 yeah so so the remainder of the 634 00:23:08,549 --> 00:23:06,000 instruments are priorities to keep the 635 00:23:11,110 --> 00:23:08,559 seismometer on so we will keep on the 636 00:23:13,110 --> 00:23:11,120 other instruments as long as possible 637 00:23:14,789 --> 00:23:13,120 but um once we 638 00:23:17,270 --> 00:23:14,799 no longer can keep them on which is 639 00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:17,280 probably anticipated um you know summer 640 00:23:21,270 --> 00:23:18,640 time period 641 00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:21,280 then unfortunately they will just be in 642 00:23:25,669 --> 00:23:23,760 you know permanent uh off state and um 643 00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:25,679 we'll be working with the uh instrument 644 00:23:29,110 --> 00:23:27,840 teams to do uh science close out at that 645 00:23:30,549 --> 00:23:29,120 point 646 00:23:32,789 --> 00:23:30,559 yeah i can talk a little bit to the 647 00:23:33,990 --> 00:23:32,799 science um you know we're the the 648 00:23:36,470 --> 00:23:34,000 science team 649 00:23:38,950 --> 00:23:36,480 is is has uh funding through the end of 650 00:23:42,230 --> 00:23:38,960 this fiscal year at least we actually 651 00:23:44,149 --> 00:23:42,240 have uh uh our budget set up to continue 652 00:23:46,950 --> 00:23:44,159 for about six months after 653 00:23:49,669 --> 00:23:46,960 the end of the of the mission to sort of 654 00:23:51,830 --> 00:23:49,679 finish taking all the data preparing it 655 00:23:54,149 --> 00:23:51,840 putting it in the archive and and 656 00:23:57,590 --> 00:23:54,159 getting our our final data products you 657 00:23:59,350 --> 00:23:57,600 know our final uh mars quake catalog and 658 00:24:00,950 --> 00:23:59,360 our final mars models and things like 659 00:24:03,510 --> 00:24:00,960 that so the scientists are going to be 660 00:24:07,190 --> 00:24:03,520 very busy even for another uh probably 661 00:24:09,430 --> 00:24:07,200 half year after um after the the the 662 00:24:11,269 --> 00:24:09,440 spacecraft itself is is no longer 663 00:24:13,029 --> 00:24:11,279 operating but that's just the beginning 664 00:24:14,950 --> 00:24:13,039 because that data as i said is going to 665 00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:14,960 be available to the entire scientific 666 00:24:18,789 --> 00:24:16,000 community 667 00:24:21,269 --> 00:24:18,799 even now we're putting our data into the 668 00:24:24,390 --> 00:24:21,279 publicly available archive every three 669 00:24:27,750 --> 00:24:24,400 months and so um our data is is going 670 00:24:30,549 --> 00:24:27,760 into uh the uh the scientific community 671 00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:30,559 uh with a fairly short you know delay we 672 00:24:34,470 --> 00:24:32,400 only take about as i said about three 673 00:24:36,789 --> 00:24:34,480 months to make sure that you know we've 674 00:24:38,549 --> 00:24:36,799 taken out all the the data errors and 675 00:24:40,710 --> 00:24:38,559 then prepared it in the right formats 676 00:24:42,390 --> 00:24:40,720 and things like that so that data is 677 00:24:44,390 --> 00:24:42,400 going to be out there and 678 00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:44,400 scientists all over the country and all 679 00:24:48,950 --> 00:24:46,960 over the world can can be using that 680 00:24:50,710 --> 00:24:48,960 data without 681 00:24:53,750 --> 00:24:50,720 without any hesitation you know from 682 00:25:00,390 --> 00:24:56,310 okay thank you up next we have marina 683 00:25:02,390 --> 00:25:00,400 coren with the atlantic 684 00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:02,400 hi this question is for bruce or for 685 00:25:06,390 --> 00:25:04,640 katya do you have a specific date or 686 00:25:07,990 --> 00:25:06,400 even a week that you're targeting for 687 00:25:11,190 --> 00:25:08,000 the end of operations just something 688 00:25:12,710 --> 00:25:11,200 more specific than the end of the summer 689 00:25:14,230 --> 00:25:12,720 and then i know you said you predicted 690 00:25:15,990 --> 00:25:14,240 the amount of dust accumulation that 691 00:25:18,070 --> 00:25:16,000 you'd see on the solar panels and so you 692 00:25:19,990 --> 00:25:18,080 kind of knew what to expect but does 693 00:25:21,750 --> 00:25:20,000 anyone on the team wish at the end of 694 00:25:23,590 --> 00:25:21,760 the day that insight left earth with 695 00:25:25,430 --> 00:25:23,600 hardware specifically designed to keep 696 00:25:29,510 --> 00:25:25,440 those clean and to give the spacecraft a 697 00:25:31,669 --> 00:25:29,520 longer lifespan thanks 698 00:25:33,350 --> 00:25:31,679 well for the last question really well 699 00:25:35,190 --> 00:25:33,360 there's a lot of things that i wish were 700 00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:35,200 on the spacecraft and something to clean 701 00:25:39,510 --> 00:25:36,960 off the solar panels it's pretty tight 702 00:25:41,350 --> 00:25:39,520 on my list but 703 00:25:44,789 --> 00:25:41,360 whenever you put together a mission like 704 00:25:46,950 --> 00:25:44,799 this everything is a compromise um it's 705 00:25:49,909 --> 00:25:46,960 just like you know buying a car i would 706 00:25:52,630 --> 00:25:49,919 love to have a top-end audi or something 707 00:25:55,669 --> 00:25:52,640 like that but my my budget's more in the 708 00:25:58,710 --> 00:25:55,679 volkswagen range so you know i 709 00:26:00,630 --> 00:25:58,720 we we put on the uh the the pieces of 710 00:26:02,710 --> 00:26:00,640 the spacecraft that would do the job 711 00:26:05,110 --> 00:26:02,720 that we needed to do and we tried to 712 00:26:06,789 --> 00:26:05,120 figure out how to optimize that and you 713 00:26:08,870 --> 00:26:06,799 know if we put more money into the solar 714 00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:08,880 array we would have less to uh put into 715 00:26:13,990 --> 00:26:11,200 the science instruments and so we tried 716 00:26:16,630 --> 00:26:14,000 to find the right balance and uh 717 00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:16,640 whereas i would i would 718 00:26:19,909 --> 00:26:18,320 love to go to nasa and have them say 719 00:26:22,390 --> 00:26:19,919 yeah you have an unlimited budget do 720 00:26:24,950 --> 00:26:22,400 whatever you want um but 721 00:26:30,470 --> 00:26:24,960 that would probably add a lot to the 722 00:26:34,710 --> 00:26:31,510 thank you 723 00:26:36,470 --> 00:26:34,720 for the end of operations 724 00:26:37,510 --> 00:26:36,480 oh would you mind repeating that again 725 00:26:40,149 --> 00:26:37,520 please 726 00:26:41,909 --> 00:26:40,159 oh sorry um yeah i'm just uh curious if 727 00:26:43,669 --> 00:26:41,919 you have a specific date or even just 728 00:26:45,029 --> 00:26:43,679 like a week at the end of the summer 729 00:26:47,110 --> 00:26:45,039 where you're targeting the end of 730 00:26:49,590 --> 00:26:47,120 operation 731 00:26:50,830 --> 00:26:49,600 um based on our current energy level i'm 732 00:26:53,110 --> 00:26:50,840 going to 733 00:26:56,630 --> 00:26:53,120 approximate mid 734 00:26:58,710 --> 00:26:56,640 july maybe early july but again i mean 735 00:27:00,950 --> 00:26:58,720 summer is really what we're we're able 736 00:27:03,029 --> 00:27:00,960 to project 737 00:27:04,710 --> 00:27:03,039 yeah and and really we're in a an 738 00:27:06,549 --> 00:27:04,720 operating regime that we've never been 739 00:27:08,390 --> 00:27:06,559 in before and so you know 740 00:27:11,269 --> 00:27:08,400 as power goes down 741 00:27:13,510 --> 00:27:11,279 um we're not actually sure exactly how 742 00:27:15,510 --> 00:27:13,520 well the the spacecraft will perform i 743 00:27:18,710 --> 00:27:15,520 mean it's it's exceeded our our 744 00:27:21,350 --> 00:27:18,720 expectations uh just about at every turn 745 00:27:23,190 --> 00:27:21,360 on mars and so it may actually last 746 00:27:25,029 --> 00:27:23,200 longer than that 747 00:27:26,789 --> 00:27:25,039 the other thing is that the weather is 748 00:27:28,870 --> 00:27:26,799 actually pretty unpredictable this time 749 00:27:30,549 --> 00:27:28,880 of year we could have a little bit more 750 00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:30,559 dustiness we could actually have a dust 751 00:27:35,669 --> 00:27:32,880 storm that could shut things down a lot 752 00:27:37,909 --> 00:27:35,679 sooner than we expect or it may not be 753 00:27:40,149 --> 00:27:37,919 quite as dusty this year as is average 754 00:27:42,389 --> 00:27:40,159 which is allowed to go longer and so 755 00:27:44,870 --> 00:27:42,399 there's uh an uncertainty in the the 756 00:27:47,029 --> 00:27:44,880 weather at mars there's an uncertainty 757 00:27:48,870 --> 00:27:47,039 in just you know how well the the 758 00:27:51,190 --> 00:27:48,880 spacecraft will operate when it really 759 00:27:52,710 --> 00:27:51,200 gets down to the the sort of the 760 00:27:54,710 --> 00:27:52,720 the the 761 00:27:57,669 --> 00:27:54,720 drips and droughts of the of of its 762 00:27:59,590 --> 00:27:57,679 battery life um so there's really too 763 00:28:02,630 --> 00:27:59,600 many uncertainties here to pin it down 764 00:28:04,230 --> 00:28:02,640 any better than that um we're hoping for 765 00:28:05,750 --> 00:28:04,240 for more and 766 00:28:07,669 --> 00:28:05,760 we're working to get it as much as we 767 00:28:09,350 --> 00:28:07,679 can but we'll just have to see what what 768 00:28:13,430 --> 00:28:09,360 mars and insight 769 00:28:17,909 --> 00:28:15,110 marina thank you i think those were both 770 00:28:23,510 --> 00:28:21,830 up next we have bill harwood with cbs 771 00:28:26,149 --> 00:28:23,520 yeah hey it's uh it's bill harwood at 772 00:28:28,149 --> 00:28:26,159 the cape um a question for katya if i 773 00:28:30,630 --> 00:28:28,159 could is there a way to compare the 774 00:28:32,470 --> 00:28:30,640 energy required to run the seismometer 775 00:28:34,149 --> 00:28:32,480 with something that might be familiar to 776 00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:34,159 people in their homes i mean 777 00:28:38,310 --> 00:28:35,520 you know is it like a hair dryer 778 00:28:39,750 --> 00:28:38,320 requirement or a big light bulb or 779 00:28:41,830 --> 00:28:39,760 any is there i don't know what it 780 00:28:44,549 --> 00:28:41,840 actually consumes to get a sense of how 781 00:28:46,950 --> 00:28:44,559 much power you need to operate it thanks 782 00:28:49,190 --> 00:28:46,960 yeah so we actually uh did consult with 783 00:28:51,029 --> 00:28:49,200 our eps experts on that to give people a 784 00:28:54,230 --> 00:28:51,039 more like what is it really like here on 785 00:28:56,070 --> 00:28:54,240 earth so we kind of use an electric oven 786 00:28:58,310 --> 00:28:56,080 um as kind of a 787 00:28:59,830 --> 00:28:58,320 a marker to give people understanding so 788 00:29:01,909 --> 00:28:59,840 when we first landed it was about an 789 00:29:04,470 --> 00:29:01,919 hour 40 minutes or so where you can run 790 00:29:07,909 --> 00:29:04,480 electric oven nowadays we could probably 791 00:29:09,590 --> 00:29:07,919 run that approximately 10 minutes max so 792 00:29:12,070 --> 00:29:09,600 that'll give you a good understanding of 793 00:29:16,389 --> 00:29:12,080 how much energy has decreased 794 00:29:22,470 --> 00:29:18,789 and now we're going to take a social 795 00:29:24,789 --> 00:29:22,480 media question io on youtube is asking 796 00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:24,799 will seismometers similar to insight be 797 00:29:29,430 --> 00:29:28,240 placed on other moon planets in the 798 00:29:32,549 --> 00:29:29,440 future 799 00:29:34,789 --> 00:29:32,559 uh lori would you like to take that one 800 00:29:36,070 --> 00:29:34,799 i would love to take that one yeah i 801 00:29:38,230 --> 00:29:36,080 think you know 802 00:29:39,830 --> 00:29:38,240 seismic measurements are so fundamental 803 00:29:41,990 --> 00:29:39,840 to understanding the interior 804 00:29:44,950 --> 00:29:42,000 particularly of these 805 00:29:47,269 --> 00:29:44,960 rocky bodies or other kind of solid body 806 00:29:49,830 --> 00:29:47,279 planets so we would love to put science 807 00:29:52,470 --> 00:29:49,840 monitors on a bunch of different places 808 00:29:53,269 --> 00:29:52,480 you know for example within 809 00:30:02,789 --> 00:29:53,279 the 810 00:30:05,110 --> 00:30:02,799 a recommendation to establish a seismic 811 00:30:06,630 --> 00:30:05,120 network on earth's moon 812 00:30:07,590 --> 00:30:06,640 that's been something that we've wanted 813 00:30:09,029 --> 00:30:07,600 to do 814 00:30:11,430 --> 00:30:09,039 for a long time you know there were 815 00:30:13,510 --> 00:30:11,440 seismometers that the apollo astronauts 816 00:30:15,110 --> 00:30:13,520 placed there but they had limited 817 00:30:17,669 --> 00:30:15,120 operational timelines we'd really like 818 00:30:19,909 --> 00:30:17,679 to set up a complete network on the moon 819 00:30:21,590 --> 00:30:19,919 to really understand 820 00:30:23,350 --> 00:30:21,600 what's going on there 821 00:30:25,269 --> 00:30:23,360 there's also been a lot of discussion 822 00:30:26,549 --> 00:30:25,279 about about other places in the solar 823 00:30:29,029 --> 00:30:26,559 system that would benefit from 824 00:30:30,549 --> 00:30:29,039 seismometers for example venus is 825 00:30:32,710 --> 00:30:30,559 another place that would benefit from 826 00:30:34,310 --> 00:30:32,720 having seismometers understanding better 827 00:30:36,310 --> 00:30:34,320 understanding the interior there of 828 00:30:37,990 --> 00:30:36,320 course there's unique challenges in that 829 00:30:40,310 --> 00:30:38,000 environment 830 00:30:42,630 --> 00:30:40,320 that that might make that challenging 831 00:30:45,590 --> 00:30:42,640 but again as you said i think there's a 832 00:30:47,909 --> 00:30:45,600 lot of scope for for doing similar types 833 00:30:51,990 --> 00:30:47,919 of experiments on other other 834 00:30:57,430 --> 00:30:54,630 thanks for your answer lori and we have 835 00:31:01,430 --> 00:30:57,440 one coming in from the username the 836 00:31:03,029 --> 00:31:01,440 awesome nintendo fan on youtube asks 837 00:31:05,269 --> 00:31:03,039 how are their earthquakes 838 00:31:08,789 --> 00:31:05,279 we should actually say marsquakes if 839 00:31:10,950 --> 00:31:08,799 there aren't any plate tectonics there 840 00:31:13,509 --> 00:31:10,960 bruce would you like to take that 841 00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:13,519 yeah that's a really great question and 842 00:31:18,470 --> 00:31:15,760 of course you know on the earth most of 843 00:31:20,389 --> 00:31:18,480 the seismic activity comes from the the 844 00:31:23,029 --> 00:31:20,399 various different tectonic plates moving 845 00:31:24,470 --> 00:31:23,039 past each other and the rocks grinding 846 00:31:25,430 --> 00:31:24,480 against each other and sticking and 847 00:31:27,990 --> 00:31:25,440 slipping 848 00:31:29,990 --> 00:31:28,000 but that's not all the uh quake activity 849 00:31:32,470 --> 00:31:30,000 on the earth there's also quakes that 850 00:31:34,070 --> 00:31:32,480 happen in the middle of place there's 851 00:31:37,029 --> 00:31:34,080 quakes that happen in the united states 852 00:31:38,149 --> 00:31:37,039 in colorado in oklahoma 853 00:31:40,070 --> 00:31:38,159 even in 854 00:31:42,230 --> 00:31:40,080 north carolina and 855 00:31:43,509 --> 00:31:42,240 missouri so there are plates that happen 856 00:31:45,990 --> 00:31:43,519 in the middle of the place and those 857 00:31:48,070 --> 00:31:46,000 quakes happen because of forces in the 858 00:31:50,389 --> 00:31:48,080 crust and those forces can come from 859 00:31:52,230 --> 00:31:50,399 various different sources 860 00:31:53,190 --> 00:31:52,240 on the earth most of the forces come 861 00:31:55,509 --> 00:31:53,200 from 862 00:31:57,350 --> 00:31:55,519 the convection in the earth's mantle 863 00:31:59,590 --> 00:31:57,360 which brings heat up and drives the 864 00:32:02,230 --> 00:31:59,600 plate tectonics but the heat that comes 865 00:32:04,230 --> 00:32:02,240 up in the mantle can can dissipate 866 00:32:05,830 --> 00:32:04,240 itself in other ways it can 867 00:32:08,310 --> 00:32:05,840 heat up the bottom of the crust which 868 00:32:10,230 --> 00:32:08,320 can cause the crust to to rise up and 869 00:32:11,430 --> 00:32:10,240 that can cause cracking in the crust 870 00:32:14,710 --> 00:32:11,440 that can cause 871 00:32:18,149 --> 00:32:14,720 the crust be pulled apart in some places 872 00:32:20,310 --> 00:32:18,159 as the planet cools overall and shrinks 873 00:32:22,549 --> 00:32:20,320 um it can cause compressive forces to 874 00:32:24,789 --> 00:32:22,559 build up in the crust which can cause uh 875 00:32:27,509 --> 00:32:24,799 the failure of rocks the crack cracking 876 00:32:30,950 --> 00:32:27,519 and motion of rocks and so there's a lot 877 00:32:32,789 --> 00:32:30,960 of uh what we call tectonic forces not 878 00:32:35,110 --> 00:32:32,799 just plate tectonic forces but other 879 00:32:37,110 --> 00:32:35,120 kinds of tectonic forces that can build 880 00:32:38,710 --> 00:32:37,120 up in the crust of a planet besides with 881 00:32:41,269 --> 00:32:38,720 plate tectonics and we believe that's 882 00:32:43,750 --> 00:32:41,279 what's happening on mars and in fact we 883 00:32:45,830 --> 00:32:43,760 made a prediction as to uh how active 884 00:32:48,950 --> 00:32:45,840 mars would be how many mars plates we 885 00:32:51,029 --> 00:32:48,960 would see just based on how how uh 886 00:32:53,269 --> 00:32:51,039 quickly or how slowly mars is cooling 887 00:32:55,190 --> 00:32:53,279 off and our predictions are pretty much 888 00:32:56,470 --> 00:32:55,200 uh pretty much on the market so 889 00:32:58,389 --> 00:32:56,480 certainly within the 890 00:33:00,789 --> 00:32:58,399 fairly large air balance that we put on 891 00:33:02,549 --> 00:33:00,799 it and so there's a lot of stuff that 892 00:33:04,310 --> 00:33:02,559 can go on in a planet besides plate 893 00:33:07,430 --> 00:33:04,320 tectonics that can cause 894 00:33:10,789 --> 00:33:09,430 thank you and now we're heading back to 895 00:33:15,990 --> 00:33:10,799 the caller line 896 00:33:18,310 --> 00:33:16,000 up next is ramen skiba from wired 897 00:33:21,029 --> 00:33:18,320 hi thank you um i have a question i 898 00:33:23,190 --> 00:33:21,039 think it's probably best for lori i was 899 00:33:25,750 --> 00:33:23,200 wondering if this 900 00:33:27,110 --> 00:33:25,760 you know what insight has has uh you 901 00:33:29,669 --> 00:33:27,120 know what you've learned for future 902 00:33:32,549 --> 00:33:29,679 missions like uh if there's um you know 903 00:33:34,789 --> 00:33:32,559 like for solar panel designs or uh like 904 00:33:36,789 --> 00:33:34,799 that making them tiltable or i don't 905 00:33:38,630 --> 00:33:36,799 know shakeable or have like windshield 906 00:33:40,549 --> 00:33:38,640 wipers on them or anything like that or 907 00:33:43,430 --> 00:33:40,559 anything else that about how uh insight 908 00:33:45,029 --> 00:33:43,440 is informing future uh missions 909 00:33:46,630 --> 00:33:45,039 yeah it's a really great question i 910 00:33:49,110 --> 00:33:46,640 think that's an area that will probably 911 00:33:50,470 --> 00:33:49,120 get some focus um and uh you know some 912 00:33:51,830 --> 00:33:50,480 development over the coming years you 913 00:33:54,630 --> 00:33:51,840 know again 914 00:33:56,149 --> 00:33:54,640 after uh the experience with opportunity 915 00:33:58,310 --> 00:33:56,159 and then now with insight as well we 916 00:34:00,630 --> 00:33:58,320 know that uh systems that have solar 917 00:34:02,549 --> 00:34:00,640 panels are you know that this is a you 918 00:34:04,630 --> 00:34:02,559 know a challenge for these that you know 919 00:34:05,990 --> 00:34:04,640 that dusty environment 920 00:34:07,990 --> 00:34:06,000 so i'm sure that there will be a lot of 921 00:34:09,669 --> 00:34:08,000 technology developments coming up on 922 00:34:11,669 --> 00:34:09,679 clever ways and thinking of ways that 923 00:34:14,149 --> 00:34:11,679 that we can uh you know try and keep 924 00:34:15,109 --> 00:34:14,159 those solar panels um as cleared as we 925 00:34:19,990 --> 00:34:15,119 can 926 00:34:22,069 --> 00:34:20,000 about the seasons in which we are are 927 00:34:25,030 --> 00:34:22,079 sending our spacecraft and you know for 928 00:34:26,790 --> 00:34:25,040 example um in in planning for example 929 00:34:29,669 --> 00:34:26,800 for them our sample return mission we're 930 00:34:31,349 --> 00:34:29,679 thinking about um trying to send the the 931 00:34:33,589 --> 00:34:31,359 landers in a season where that's less 932 00:34:35,430 --> 00:34:33,599 dusty so that we have you know higher 933 00:34:41,109 --> 00:34:35,440 expectations of being able to get the 934 00:34:46,710 --> 00:34:43,030 thank you and then up next we have 935 00:34:48,710 --> 00:34:46,720 alexandria white with nature 936 00:34:50,869 --> 00:34:48,720 hi my question is for bruce i want to 937 00:34:51,990 --> 00:34:50,879 ask a bit more about this magnitude 5. i 938 00:34:54,230 --> 00:34:52,000 know that you're still working on 939 00:34:55,829 --> 00:34:54,240 analysis of it but can you talk a little 940 00:34:58,310 --> 00:34:55,839 bit more about kind of the quality of 941 00:35:00,710 --> 00:34:58,320 data like when in the day did it happen 942 00:35:01,990 --> 00:35:00,720 do you know it's a 5.0 do you have any 943 00:35:04,550 --> 00:35:02,000 hints that you're going to be able to 944 00:35:05,829 --> 00:35:04,560 get location at some point what might 945 00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:05,839 you be able to learn about that 946 00:35:13,790 --> 00:35:08,560 magnitude 5 947 00:35:17,990 --> 00:35:13,800 uh what we call a 948 00:35:19,589 --> 00:35:18,000 s1222a if that's our our name for it um 949 00:35:20,710 --> 00:35:19,599 it is so 950 00:35:23,030 --> 00:35:20,720 far in 951 00:35:24,790 --> 00:35:23,040 a way bigger and and more clear than 952 00:35:26,790 --> 00:35:24,800 anything else that we've seen 953 00:35:29,109 --> 00:35:26,800 it actually happened early in the 954 00:35:31,990 --> 00:35:29,119 martian morning during a relatively 955 00:35:34,870 --> 00:35:32,000 noisy part of the of the of the day um 956 00:35:37,990 --> 00:35:34,880 but it was it was such a large signal 957 00:35:40,550 --> 00:35:38,000 that the noise in the as you saw in that 958 00:35:43,190 --> 00:35:40,560 first animation the noise was just like 959 00:35:45,910 --> 00:35:43,200 a single line and in fact the largest 960 00:35:48,550 --> 00:35:45,920 quake that we saw uh before that would 961 00:35:50,630 --> 00:35:48,560 just have barely been a blip and so um 962 00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:50,640 the the background noise on mars really 963 00:35:54,390 --> 00:35:52,160 didn't matter to this quake at all it 964 00:35:56,310 --> 00:35:54,400 was it was the the signal was so large 965 00:35:58,710 --> 00:35:56,320 that it just completely swamped whatever 966 00:36:00,470 --> 00:35:58,720 whatever background noise we have 967 00:36:03,829 --> 00:36:00,480 we have a very clear 968 00:36:06,310 --> 00:36:03,839 p wave arrival very clear s wave arrival 969 00:36:07,430 --> 00:36:06,320 we have good polarization so we are 970 00:36:10,550 --> 00:36:07,440 we're getting a really good 971 00:36:12,790 --> 00:36:10,560 determination on the location 972 00:36:14,870 --> 00:36:12,800 we can actually you see with our eyes 973 00:36:17,190 --> 00:36:14,880 you can see surface waves uh in in the 974 00:36:20,150 --> 00:36:17,200 spectrum uh which is um something that 975 00:36:21,349 --> 00:36:20,160 we've been struggling to find uh in 976 00:36:23,589 --> 00:36:21,359 previous quakes through the whole 977 00:36:25,270 --> 00:36:23,599 mission and so um they're really coming 978 00:36:27,910 --> 00:36:25,280 booming out in this and will be able to 979 00:36:29,430 --> 00:36:27,920 do analysis on that um this quake is 980 00:36:31,510 --> 00:36:29,440 actually big enough that we think it's 981 00:36:33,670 --> 00:36:31,520 it's right on the threshold where we may 982 00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:33,680 actually be able to see uh the free 983 00:36:38,310 --> 00:36:36,240 oscillations the normal modes of mars 984 00:36:39,829 --> 00:36:38,320 excited which is something that happens 985 00:36:41,910 --> 00:36:39,839 with the larger quake that actually sets 986 00:36:44,470 --> 00:36:41,920 the whole planet ringing and we can look 987 00:36:47,270 --> 00:36:44,480 at the the resonances of the planet to 988 00:36:50,069 --> 00:36:47,280 say something about its structure and so 989 00:36:52,630 --> 00:36:50,079 um this quake is really uh going to be a 990 00:36:54,790 --> 00:36:52,640 treasure trove of scientific information 991 00:36:56,230 --> 00:36:54,800 when we get our teeth into it 992 00:36:57,829 --> 00:36:56,240 so where does it come from what is the 993 00:37:02,470 --> 00:36:57,839 location 994 00:37:04,710 --> 00:37:02,480 where we have gotten a lot of 995 00:37:06,710 --> 00:37:04,720 earthquakes before but it's not actually 996 00:37:08,870 --> 00:37:06,720 in servers fosse which is 997 00:37:10,950 --> 00:37:08,880 which is interesting and we don't really 998 00:37:12,310 --> 00:37:10,960 understand that yet like i said we've 999 00:37:14,310 --> 00:37:12,320 only been looking at this for less than 1000 00:37:16,470 --> 00:37:14,320 two weeks now but we're pretty sure that 1001 00:37:19,510 --> 00:37:16,480 it's not on the default system in 1002 00:37:21,670 --> 00:37:19,520 cerberus fosse so where it's actually uh 1003 00:37:22,550 --> 00:37:21,680 the the origin of it 1004 00:37:26,710 --> 00:37:22,560 is 1005 00:37:28,790 --> 00:37:26,720 still analyzing it but it's in that 1006 00:37:32,150 --> 00:37:28,800 general part of the planet 1007 00:37:37,589 --> 00:37:34,230 and up next on the phone lines is 1008 00:37:39,270 --> 00:37:37,599 kenneth ching went to new york time 1009 00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:39,280 all right thank you i had two questions 1010 00:37:41,829 --> 00:37:40,880 one is for bruce 1011 00:37:43,750 --> 00:37:41,839 um 1012 00:37:45,430 --> 00:37:43,760 what did you lose by not having them all 1013 00:37:46,790 --> 00:37:45,440 fully deployed 1014 00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:46,800 what science questions were you hoping 1015 00:37:51,910 --> 00:37:49,200 to answer that are still unanswered 1016 00:37:53,670 --> 00:37:51,920 and then for katya um 1017 00:37:55,990 --> 00:37:53,680 is there any chance that it could come 1018 00:37:57,829 --> 00:37:56,000 back to life after the end of mission 1019 00:37:58,950 --> 00:37:57,839 and if so would anyone be listening for 1020 00:38:01,589 --> 00:37:58,960 it 1021 00:38:04,790 --> 00:38:01,599 thank you okay so the the the science 1022 00:38:07,349 --> 00:38:04,800 goal we had uh the the hp cubed 1023 00:38:09,990 --> 00:38:07,359 instrument was to to actually measure 1024 00:38:12,310 --> 00:38:10,000 the uh heat flow coming out of out of 1025 00:38:14,150 --> 00:38:12,320 mars we're going to measure the thermal 1026 00:38:15,750 --> 00:38:14,160 gradient and the thermal conductivity to 1027 00:38:18,069 --> 00:38:15,760 get the amount of heat that mars is 1028 00:38:20,870 --> 00:38:18,079 losing and that would tell us something 1029 00:38:23,510 --> 00:38:20,880 about uh both the interior temperatures 1030 00:38:27,589 --> 00:38:23,520 on mars and the the 1031 00:38:30,230 --> 00:38:27,599 um sort of the degree of uh of uh energy 1032 00:38:31,910 --> 00:38:30,240 that's driving uh the internal geology 1033 00:38:34,069 --> 00:38:31,920 of mars today and that's that's 1034 00:38:36,069 --> 00:38:34,079 something that it was complementary to 1035 00:38:38,069 --> 00:38:36,079 the the structural information we're 1036 00:38:40,069 --> 00:38:38,079 getting from seismology seismology tells 1037 00:38:42,230 --> 00:38:40,079 us sort of what the 1038 00:38:44,150 --> 00:38:42,240 building blocks of the planet are today 1039 00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:44,160 and the hp cube was going to tell us 1040 00:38:48,310 --> 00:38:46,640 something about the dynamics of it 1041 00:38:50,710 --> 00:38:48,320 we can get some of that information from 1042 00:38:52,870 --> 00:38:50,720 seismology we're actually able to put 1043 00:38:55,829 --> 00:38:52,880 constraints on the 1044 00:38:57,430 --> 00:38:55,839 on the thermal profile in the mantle we 1045 00:38:59,109 --> 00:38:57,440 can put some constraints on the 1046 00:39:01,510 --> 00:38:59,119 temperatures in the core 1047 00:39:03,190 --> 00:39:01,520 the hp cube was going to help us to uh 1048 00:39:05,829 --> 00:39:03,200 to to nail that down a little bit more 1049 00:39:07,990 --> 00:39:05,839 precisely and so um that was that's 1050 00:39:10,870 --> 00:39:08,000 that's what we lost uh when we proposed 1051 00:39:12,870 --> 00:39:10,880 the mission the hp cubed was uh proposed 1052 00:39:14,870 --> 00:39:12,880 as a secondary instrument um we knew 1053 00:39:17,670 --> 00:39:14,880 that there were challenges involved in 1054 00:39:21,030 --> 00:39:17,680 it uh we knew that the the the mole was 1055 00:39:23,430 --> 00:39:21,040 uh was a sort of a cutting edge type of 1056 00:39:25,190 --> 00:39:23,440 uh instrument apparatus uh that we 1057 00:39:28,390 --> 00:39:25,200 couldn't guarantee was going to work on 1058 00:39:30,230 --> 00:39:28,400 mars and so when we proposed it um it 1059 00:39:31,910 --> 00:39:30,240 was part of the so-called baseline 1060 00:39:32,790 --> 00:39:31,920 mission but not the threshold mission 1061 00:39:35,190 --> 00:39:32,800 and 1062 00:39:38,150 --> 00:39:35,200 insight was actually selected on the the 1063 00:39:40,069 --> 00:39:38,160 threshold uh science goals which all had 1064 00:39:42,870 --> 00:39:40,079 to do with either seismology or the 1065 00:39:43,910 --> 00:39:42,880 precision tracking and so we were able 1066 00:39:46,630 --> 00:39:43,920 to 1067 00:39:48,230 --> 00:39:46,640 basically have a 1068 00:39:50,710 --> 00:39:48,240 technically fully successful mission 1069 00:39:52,630 --> 00:39:50,720 without the hp cube we've got the most 1070 00:39:55,430 --> 00:39:52,640 important science goals with the 1071 00:39:57,990 --> 00:39:55,440 seismology and the precision tracking 1072 00:40:02,550 --> 00:39:58,000 but it was definitely a a big scientific 1073 00:40:06,309 --> 00:40:04,950 and up next on the phone lines is oh 1074 00:40:07,670 --> 00:40:06,319 ducati yeah 1075 00:40:09,349 --> 00:40:07,680 so yeah to answer your secondary 1076 00:40:10,470 --> 00:40:09,359 question is can can the lander be 1077 00:40:11,990 --> 00:40:10,480 operable again 1078 00:40:14,069 --> 00:40:12,000 at some point so 1079 00:40:15,990 --> 00:40:14,079 as bruce mentioned the martian 1080 00:40:17,750 --> 00:40:16,000 environment is very uncertain we don't 1081 00:40:19,910 --> 00:40:17,760 know what's going to happen however if 1082 00:40:22,069 --> 00:40:19,920 we were to have a natural cleaning and 1083 00:40:23,829 --> 00:40:22,079 the solar panels were able to 1084 00:40:25,589 --> 00:40:23,839 actually be cleaned off and we're able 1085 00:40:27,589 --> 00:40:25,599 to get enough energy our lander may be 1086 00:40:29,510 --> 00:40:27,599 able to communicate back down to earth 1087 00:40:30,550 --> 00:40:29,520 so we'll be doing what we call open loop 1088 00:40:33,910 --> 00:40:30,560 recording 1089 00:40:35,670 --> 00:40:33,920 um after uh the lander is no longer able 1090 00:40:37,589 --> 00:40:35,680 to communicate with us in the event that 1091 00:40:39,030 --> 00:40:37,599 there is a cleaning like i mentioned 1092 00:40:41,430 --> 00:40:39,040 it's a natural clean that needs to occur 1093 00:40:44,630 --> 00:40:41,440 on mars to be able to do that but we'll 1094 00:40:46,790 --> 00:40:44,640 be listening um and once we get a few 1095 00:40:49,910 --> 00:40:46,800 beeps if that happens again if there's a 1096 00:40:51,990 --> 00:40:49,920 natural cleaning then we will evaluate 1097 00:40:53,829 --> 00:40:52,000 whether there's enough energy to uh have 1098 00:40:55,750 --> 00:40:53,839 the lander operate again so that that's 1099 00:40:58,309 --> 00:40:55,760 to be determined we're hopeful that 1100 00:40:59,750 --> 00:40:58,319 would be awesome 1101 00:41:02,790 --> 00:40:59,760 thanks just trying to get through 1102 00:41:04,069 --> 00:41:02,800 everyone in this collar line now we have 1103 00:41:07,430 --> 00:41:04,079 a jonathan 1104 00:41:09,349 --> 00:41:07,440 o'callaghan up next 1105 00:41:13,109 --> 00:41:09,359 hi thank you um yeah a couple of 1106 00:41:14,870 --> 00:41:13,119 questions uh for katya and or bruce i'm 1107 00:41:17,190 --> 00:41:14,880 just a little unclear on what will take 1108 00:41:19,190 --> 00:41:17,200 place between the end of summer and the 1109 00:41:20,630 --> 00:41:19,200 end of the year could you just spell out 1110 00:41:21,990 --> 00:41:20,640 what the lander will be doing 1111 00:41:24,150 --> 00:41:22,000 specifically isn't going to be taking 1112 00:41:26,470 --> 00:41:24,160 pictures or anything like that 1113 00:41:28,069 --> 00:41:26,480 um are there any options of 1114 00:41:30,150 --> 00:41:28,079 uh rather than running the seismometer 1115 00:41:31,829 --> 00:41:30,160 continuously um running it 1116 00:41:33,910 --> 00:41:31,839 intermittently for example at night when 1117 00:41:35,589 --> 00:41:33,920 noise levels are low to prolong the time 1118 00:41:37,510 --> 00:41:35,599 it's active on the surface 1119 00:41:39,510 --> 00:41:37,520 and just one more going back to lori 1120 00:41:41,430 --> 00:41:39,520 glaze um 1121 00:41:42,550 --> 00:41:41,440 could you just spell out a few more 1122 00:41:44,470 --> 00:41:42,560 other worlds that you think you might 1123 00:41:46,069 --> 00:41:44,480 want to use seismometers on aside from 1124 00:41:47,829 --> 00:41:46,079 the moon and venus are there things 1125 00:41:51,109 --> 00:41:47,839 being considered like europa or any 1126 00:41:52,710 --> 00:41:51,119 other destinations thank you 1127 00:41:55,589 --> 00:41:52,720 so i can touch on the first part of your 1128 00:41:57,270 --> 00:41:55,599 questions there so yes during summer 1129 00:41:59,910 --> 00:41:57,280 as i mentioned our primary objective is 1130 00:42:02,069 --> 00:41:59,920 to run the seismometer on continuously 1131 00:42:05,190 --> 00:42:02,079 we are also going to be able to take 1132 00:42:05,910 --> 00:42:05,200 some um camera images of 1133 00:42:10,069 --> 00:42:05,920 the 1134 00:42:12,150 --> 00:42:10,079 seismometer and hp3 that takes a lot 1135 00:42:13,109 --> 00:42:12,160 less energy to do so but in addition to 1136 00:42:15,750 --> 00:42:13,119 running 1137 00:42:17,349 --> 00:42:15,760 the the camera and the seismometer all 1138 00:42:20,230 --> 00:42:17,359 the way to the very end we're not going 1139 00:42:22,309 --> 00:42:20,240 to be able to do very many other 1140 00:42:24,390 --> 00:42:22,319 science operations and at that point 1141 00:42:26,630 --> 00:42:24,400 it'll be just telecommunications with 1142 00:42:30,790 --> 00:42:26,640 the lander through end of calendar of 1143 00:42:34,150 --> 00:42:32,550 yeah and and to your second question 1144 00:42:36,309 --> 00:42:34,160 this is lori um thinking about 1145 00:42:38,150 --> 00:42:36,319 seismometers um i forgot to mention 1146 00:42:41,190 --> 00:42:38,160 earlier of course dragonfly is carrying 1147 00:42:43,109 --> 00:42:41,200 a seismometer going to uh to titan 1148 00:42:44,390 --> 00:42:43,119 so that will be i think a fantastic 1149 00:42:46,150 --> 00:42:44,400 addition there 1150 00:42:47,510 --> 00:42:46,160 of course titan is a very uh or the 1151 00:42:49,109 --> 00:42:47,520 dragonfly mission is a very different 1152 00:42:50,550 --> 00:42:49,119 type of operation where it's moving 1153 00:42:52,710 --> 00:42:50,560 around but still 1154 00:42:55,670 --> 00:42:52,720 being able to uh to have an opportunity 1155 00:42:57,510 --> 00:42:55,680 to to detect titan quakes will be will 1156 00:42:59,829 --> 00:42:57,520 be very valuable 1157 00:43:02,550 --> 00:42:59,839 and you know right now 1158 00:43:04,309 --> 00:43:02,560 there is not any specific plan for a 1159 00:43:05,670 --> 00:43:04,319 lander on europa but certainly something 1160 00:43:07,109 --> 00:43:05,680 like that i think would be incredibly 1161 00:43:09,270 --> 00:43:07,119 valuable again 1162 00:43:11,349 --> 00:43:09,280 any place where we can land 1163 00:43:13,430 --> 00:43:11,359 on one of these solid body 1164 00:43:15,270 --> 00:43:13,440 surfaces and get a sense of what's going 1165 00:43:17,430 --> 00:43:15,280 on in their interiors would be extremely 1166 00:43:21,030 --> 00:43:17,440 valuable 1167 00:43:22,870 --> 00:43:21,040 yeah i'd just like to just uh 1168 00:43:25,109 --> 00:43:22,880 interject that i i feel like you know 1169 00:43:27,910 --> 00:43:25,119 inside one of the insights legacies is 1170 00:43:30,630 --> 00:43:27,920 to really prove the the the technique of 1171 00:43:32,710 --> 00:43:30,640 seismology for planetary science um the 1172 00:43:34,630 --> 00:43:32,720 last uh seismometer that was sent to 1173 00:43:37,109 --> 00:43:34,640 another planet was on viking back in the 1174 00:43:39,670 --> 00:43:37,119 mid 70s and that seismometer was not 1175 00:43:41,589 --> 00:43:39,680 successful and i think that kind of 1176 00:43:44,390 --> 00:43:41,599 passed the paul over uh plenary 1177 00:43:46,630 --> 00:43:44,400 seismology for for almost 40 years uh 1178 00:43:49,109 --> 00:43:46,640 and seismology is a difficult experiment 1179 00:43:51,030 --> 00:43:49,119 to do in space um it's a difficult 1180 00:43:52,710 --> 00:43:51,040 instrument to build but i think you know 1181 00:43:54,950 --> 00:43:52,720 insight has sort of you know finally 1182 00:43:57,190 --> 00:43:54,960 cleared the air and shown seismology for 1183 00:44:01,829 --> 00:43:57,200 the the incredibly 1184 00:44:06,829 --> 00:44:04,150 thank you updates on the phone lines is 1185 00:44:12,309 --> 00:44:09,990 ferreira oh hi um this is a question i 1186 00:44:13,510 --> 00:44:12,319 guess for bruce or katya um 1187 00:44:16,470 --> 00:44:13,520 i you mentioned that there's 1188 00:44:18,390 --> 00:44:16,480 unprecedented data uh also on weather 1189 00:44:20,150 --> 00:44:18,400 and magnetic fields and planetary 1190 00:44:22,550 --> 00:44:20,160 rotation from insight in addition to the 1191 00:44:24,390 --> 00:44:22,560 seismological stuff so could you kind of 1192 00:44:26,390 --> 00:44:24,400 give an overview of that of those other 1193 00:44:29,109 --> 00:44:26,400 instruments 1194 00:44:32,470 --> 00:44:29,119 yeah i can take that so 1195 00:44:34,230 --> 00:44:32,480 insights had had three primary 1196 00:44:36,309 --> 00:44:34,240 experiments that it was proposed to do 1197 00:44:38,230 --> 00:44:36,319 one was the seismometer which was the 1198 00:44:40,710 --> 00:44:38,240 prime the main one and we've already 1199 00:44:42,870 --> 00:44:40,720 talked about the heat flow experiment 1200 00:44:45,990 --> 00:44:42,880 and then rise which is this radio 1201 00:44:47,750 --> 00:44:46,000 science experiment was put on board to 1202 00:44:49,670 --> 00:44:47,760 measure the the details of the 1203 00:44:53,109 --> 00:44:49,680 rotational dynamics of mars actually 1204 00:44:56,230 --> 00:44:53,119 look at the the the motion of mars 1205 00:44:59,270 --> 00:44:56,240 rotation poles north pole um that's been 1206 00:45:01,190 --> 00:44:59,280 an extremely uh 1207 00:45:03,829 --> 00:45:01,200 successful experiment as well 1208 00:45:05,670 --> 00:45:03,839 we've already published an update to the 1209 00:45:07,990 --> 00:45:05,680 moment of inertia of mars 1210 00:45:10,470 --> 00:45:08,000 which gives some constraints on on the 1211 00:45:13,109 --> 00:45:10,480 the size of the core but the real goal 1212 00:45:15,270 --> 00:45:13,119 of this uh experiment was to try to 1213 00:45:16,309 --> 00:45:15,280 measure uh the mutations of mars and 1214 00:45:18,550 --> 00:45:16,319 we're still 1215 00:45:20,470 --> 00:45:18,560 analyzing that data we have uh some 1216 00:45:22,309 --> 00:45:20,480 papers that are that have been uh 1217 00:45:24,230 --> 00:45:22,319 submitted which are still being peer 1218 00:45:27,190 --> 00:45:24,240 reviewed so you know i can't talk about 1219 00:45:29,270 --> 00:45:27,200 the the results yet but um we've that 1220 00:45:31,750 --> 00:45:29,280 we've gotten the data that we had set 1221 00:45:33,750 --> 00:45:31,760 out to get and uh uh you know we believe 1222 00:45:36,630 --> 00:45:33,760 that that we're seeing the signal from 1223 00:45:38,710 --> 00:45:36,640 the uh the core of mars and and i think 1224 00:45:40,470 --> 00:45:38,720 we'll find that that experiment will 1225 00:45:42,550 --> 00:45:40,480 give us some some additional constraints 1226 00:45:44,309 --> 00:45:42,560 on the the the size and the the 1227 00:45:46,230 --> 00:45:44,319 composition of the core 1228 00:45:48,309 --> 00:45:46,240 the weather station the magnetometer 1229 00:45:50,710 --> 00:45:48,319 were in the interesting position of of 1230 00:45:53,750 --> 00:45:50,720 not being uh proposed as instruments but 1231 00:45:56,309 --> 00:45:53,760 they were put on just as sensors to 1232 00:45:58,390 --> 00:45:56,319 detect noise uh that would be affecting 1233 00:46:00,870 --> 00:45:58,400 the seismometer so originally we didn't 1234 00:46:03,109 --> 00:46:00,880 have any science goals any formal 1235 00:46:05,750 --> 00:46:03,119 science goals associated with those 1236 00:46:07,910 --> 00:46:05,760 those instruments those sensors 1237 00:46:10,230 --> 00:46:07,920 they were they were there to see if we 1238 00:46:12,390 --> 00:46:10,240 saw magnetic uh 1239 00:46:13,910 --> 00:46:12,400 oscillations uh that we could we could 1240 00:46:17,030 --> 00:46:13,920 tell whether those were interfering with 1241 00:46:19,270 --> 00:46:17,040 the seismometers operation or when there 1242 00:46:21,750 --> 00:46:19,280 was wind uh pressure variations and so 1243 00:46:23,190 --> 00:46:21,760 forth we could be able to detect those 1244 00:46:25,670 --> 00:46:23,200 on our pressure sensor and our wind 1245 00:46:28,069 --> 00:46:25,680 sensors and be able to discount those 1246 00:46:29,589 --> 00:46:28,079 kinds of signals on the seismometer but 1247 00:46:31,349 --> 00:46:29,599 meanwhile um 1248 00:46:34,470 --> 00:46:31,359 scientists being what they are 1249 00:46:36,550 --> 00:46:34,480 they're taking that data and doing uh a 1250 00:46:39,190 --> 00:46:36,560 amazing work with it i mean we actually 1251 00:46:40,470 --> 00:46:39,200 put on some really capable sensors the 1252 00:46:42,390 --> 00:46:40,480 magnetic 1253 00:46:44,550 --> 00:46:42,400 the magnetometer we put on is the first 1254 00:46:46,309 --> 00:46:44,560 magnetometer to uh 1255 00:46:49,349 --> 00:46:46,319 send data back from the surface of of 1256 00:46:51,829 --> 00:46:49,359 mars and we were able to both uh put 1257 00:46:52,630 --> 00:46:51,839 constraints on the uh the magnitude of 1258 00:46:58,150 --> 00:46:52,640 the 1259 00:47:00,390 --> 00:46:58,160 larger than 1260 00:47:01,750 --> 00:47:00,400 we expected from orbit 1261 00:47:03,829 --> 00:47:01,760 we were able to 1262 00:47:06,710 --> 00:47:03,839 look at the magnetic 1263 00:47:09,190 --> 00:47:06,720 variations at the surface of mars mostly 1264 00:47:12,150 --> 00:47:09,200 due to ionospheric currents in the upper 1265 00:47:15,190 --> 00:47:12,160 atmosphere of mars and relate those to 1266 00:47:16,309 --> 00:47:15,200 solar wind activity and to 1267 00:47:20,390 --> 00:47:16,319 the 1268 00:47:22,150 --> 00:47:20,400 and and that's a 1269 00:47:24,390 --> 00:47:22,160 really unique data that's been used in 1270 00:47:26,549 --> 00:47:24,400 conjunction with other magnetometers on 1271 00:47:28,630 --> 00:47:26,559 orbiting spacecraft to better understand 1272 00:47:31,349 --> 00:47:28,640 the magnetosphere of mars 1273 00:47:32,790 --> 00:47:31,359 the weather station has taken a a really 1274 00:47:35,109 --> 00:47:32,800 detailed 1275 00:47:37,589 --> 00:47:35,119 series of measurements of of the martian 1276 00:47:39,030 --> 00:47:37,599 weather at the insight location for 1277 00:47:41,510 --> 00:47:39,040 about two and a half years it's been a 1278 00:47:44,390 --> 00:47:41,520 little bit spottier for the last year as 1279 00:47:47,109 --> 00:47:44,400 our power has gone down but this is uh 1280 00:47:49,829 --> 00:47:47,119 probably the most precise and 1281 00:47:52,150 --> 00:47:49,839 high resolution pressure measurements 1282 00:47:54,230 --> 00:47:52,160 that have ever been taken at mars which 1283 00:47:55,670 --> 00:47:54,240 has allowed us to look at 1284 00:47:58,230 --> 00:47:55,680 various different 1285 00:47:59,829 --> 00:47:58,240 activities of weather fronts of 1286 00:48:02,309 --> 00:47:59,839 something called a bore wave which was 1287 00:48:04,790 --> 00:48:02,319 something never before seen on mars 1288 00:48:06,549 --> 00:48:04,800 looking at as i said we can 1289 00:48:09,270 --> 00:48:06,559 have been able to sense thousands of 1290 00:48:10,950 --> 00:48:09,280 dust devils using our pressure sensor 1291 00:48:12,710 --> 00:48:10,960 and also our seismometer actually is 1292 00:48:14,150 --> 00:48:12,720 able to see uh dust devils as well 1293 00:48:16,870 --> 00:48:14,160 looking at sort of the tilt of the 1294 00:48:19,190 --> 00:48:16,880 ground that they cause as the the low 1295 00:48:20,549 --> 00:48:19,200 pressure center of the of the dust devil 1296 00:48:23,430 --> 00:48:20,559 uh moves uh 1297 00:48:25,270 --> 00:48:23,440 within you know either tens to hundreds 1298 00:48:27,349 --> 00:48:25,280 of meters from from the lander the 1299 00:48:30,150 --> 00:48:27,359 seismometer can actually see the tilt of 1300 00:48:32,950 --> 00:48:30,160 the ground from that and so um there's a 1301 00:48:34,230 --> 00:48:32,960 whole myriad of scientific questions 1302 00:48:35,750 --> 00:48:34,240 that have been addressed by the other 1303 00:48:37,750 --> 00:48:35,760 insight instruments over the course of 1304 00:48:40,549 --> 00:48:37,760 the mission 1305 00:48:46,309 --> 00:48:43,190 up next on the phone line is lauren 1306 00:48:48,150 --> 00:48:46,319 brush with the verge 1307 00:48:50,870 --> 00:48:48,160 hi thank you for taking my question i 1308 00:48:52,950 --> 00:48:50,880 think mine is for bruce um just now you 1309 00:48:55,750 --> 00:48:52,960 said that you were able to sense several 1310 00:48:57,750 --> 00:48:55,760 thousands of dust devils nearby insight 1311 00:49:00,470 --> 00:48:57,760 but earlier you said none have been dead 1312 00:49:02,150 --> 00:49:00,480 on i'm just wondering if you know why 1313 00:49:04,549 --> 00:49:02,160 that is the case does it have anything 1314 00:49:05,910 --> 00:49:04,559 to do with the landers location or is it 1315 00:49:07,910 --> 00:49:05,920 just bad luck 1316 00:49:09,910 --> 00:49:07,920 and also given the challenges that the 1317 00:49:11,510 --> 00:49:09,920 mole had with the soil are you still 1318 00:49:13,270 --> 00:49:11,520 happy with the landing spot that you 1319 00:49:15,270 --> 00:49:13,280 picked or would you have landed in a 1320 00:49:17,270 --> 00:49:15,280 different spot knowing what you know now 1321 00:49:18,870 --> 00:49:17,280 thanks 1322 00:49:21,030 --> 00:49:18,880 okay so as far as the dust devils are 1323 00:49:23,030 --> 00:49:21,040 concerned like i said we can actually uh 1324 00:49:24,230 --> 00:49:23,040 sense these dust devils out to many 1325 00:49:25,750 --> 00:49:24,240 hundreds of meters away from the 1326 00:49:28,549 --> 00:49:25,760 spacecraft and so 1327 00:49:30,470 --> 00:49:28,559 um just looking at the statistics and 1328 00:49:32,549 --> 00:49:30,480 and the sort of the width of dust devils 1329 00:49:34,950 --> 00:49:32,559 which are pretty narrow for the size of 1330 00:49:38,230 --> 00:49:34,960 size that we're looking at um it 1331 00:49:39,829 --> 00:49:38,240 actually takes a a pretty precise aim to 1332 00:49:41,589 --> 00:49:39,839 actually hit the spacecraft with one of 1333 00:49:44,069 --> 00:49:41,599 those so i think it's just if you look 1334 00:49:46,470 --> 00:49:44,079 at the statistics of the number of dust 1335 00:49:48,309 --> 00:49:46,480 devils the you know the their uh 1336 00:49:51,430 --> 00:49:48,319 distribution of 1337 00:49:53,030 --> 00:49:51,440 of uh speeds and and uh spacings across 1338 00:49:56,870 --> 00:49:53,040 the planes and and 1339 00:49:58,390 --> 00:49:56,880 their their width i think it's not uh 1340 00:50:00,790 --> 00:49:58,400 it's not unlikely that we haven't 1341 00:50:03,109 --> 00:50:00,800 actually had a direct hit uh and it 1342 00:50:05,030 --> 00:50:03,119 looks like our our inference is it 1343 00:50:06,470 --> 00:50:05,040 actually has to pass right over the 1344 00:50:09,270 --> 00:50:06,480 right over the spacecraft itself in 1345 00:50:10,710 --> 00:50:09,280 order to do any good even a near miss uh 1346 00:50:13,109 --> 00:50:10,720 doesn't really help us much and we've 1347 00:50:13,990 --> 00:50:13,119 seen uh actually you can see dust devil 1348 00:50:15,829 --> 00:50:14,000 tracks 1349 00:50:18,470 --> 00:50:15,839 on the surface that have been caused by 1350 00:50:20,870 --> 00:50:18,480 dust levels moving past us um 1351 00:50:23,510 --> 00:50:20,880 just a few tens of meters away and so 1352 00:50:25,109 --> 00:50:23,520 some of them will come come pretty close 1353 00:50:26,630 --> 00:50:25,119 another interesting fact is we haven't 1354 00:50:29,670 --> 00:50:26,640 actually ever seen a dust devil with our 1355 00:50:31,510 --> 00:50:29,680 cameras and so many of these uh uh dust 1356 00:50:33,990 --> 00:50:31,520 devils might be dust free there might 1357 00:50:36,230 --> 00:50:34,000 they may just be uh vortices you know or 1358 00:50:39,430 --> 00:50:36,240 just uh whirlwinds without actually any 1359 00:50:42,870 --> 00:50:39,440 dust in them um and and so that's just 1360 00:50:45,109 --> 00:50:42,880 another another interesting fact um 1361 00:50:46,790 --> 00:50:45,119 let's see 1362 00:50:48,470 --> 00:50:46,800 and then your landing spot are you still 1363 00:50:50,549 --> 00:50:48,480 happy with it 1364 00:50:51,829 --> 00:50:50,559 i'm still i'm still really ecstatic 1365 00:50:53,510 --> 00:50:51,839 about the landing spot because it 1366 00:50:56,030 --> 00:50:53,520 allowed us to land safely and that was 1367 00:50:59,270 --> 00:50:56,040 the that was the primary you know goal 1368 00:51:01,990 --> 00:50:59,280 of our landing site selection was to 1369 00:51:03,670 --> 00:51:02,000 find a place where we could land safely 1370 00:51:04,870 --> 00:51:03,680 landing on mars is one of the most 1371 00:51:08,790 --> 00:51:04,880 difficult 1372 00:51:09,589 --> 00:51:08,800 operations in planetary science um 1373 00:51:14,390 --> 00:51:09,599 it's 1374 00:51:17,030 --> 00:51:14,400 times now in in the last decade or so 1375 00:51:19,190 --> 00:51:17,040 but um if you go back further you'll 1376 00:51:20,150 --> 00:51:19,200 understand just how difficult that was 1377 00:51:22,069 --> 00:51:20,160 and so 1378 00:51:24,630 --> 00:51:22,079 with the seismometer which was our main 1379 00:51:26,630 --> 00:51:24,640 instrument um the beauty of that was we 1380 00:51:28,630 --> 00:51:26,640 could land anywhere on the planet and 1381 00:51:30,549 --> 00:51:28,640 still do our science i mean when you're 1382 00:51:31,990 --> 00:51:30,559 trying to look at the core anywhere you 1383 00:51:34,630 --> 00:51:32,000 land the core is going to be right under 1384 00:51:36,630 --> 00:51:34,640 your feet so um that sort of was taken 1385 00:51:38,390 --> 00:51:36,640 off the table in terms of driving the 1386 00:51:40,870 --> 00:51:38,400 landing spot and we really were looking 1387 00:51:42,150 --> 00:51:40,880 for some place that was flat without 1388 00:51:44,870 --> 00:51:42,160 many rocks 1389 00:51:46,069 --> 00:51:44,880 where the lander could land without any 1390 00:51:48,150 --> 00:51:46,079 danger 1391 00:51:50,390 --> 00:51:48,160 and i'm still you know just really 1392 00:51:52,470 --> 00:51:50,400 really glad and thankful that we were 1393 00:51:54,950 --> 00:51:52,480 able to land safely and so i wouldn't i 1394 00:51:57,990 --> 00:51:54,960 wouldn't trade that back for a risk of 1395 00:51:59,589 --> 00:51:58,000 landing uh in 1396 00:52:01,270 --> 00:51:59,599 and 1397 00:52:05,190 --> 00:52:01,280 having the possibility of not having any 1398 00:52:10,710 --> 00:52:07,589 thanks up next on the phone line is lucy 1399 00:52:13,829 --> 00:52:10,720 o'board of afp 1400 00:52:16,549 --> 00:52:13,839 hi thanks for doing this uh for bruce 1401 00:52:19,750 --> 00:52:16,559 again um could you try to sum up what 1402 00:52:23,349 --> 00:52:19,760 we've learned so far on mars core mental 1403 00:52:25,270 --> 00:52:23,359 and and trust and it's difficult but 1404 00:52:28,549 --> 00:52:25,280 what we didn't know before that we know 1405 00:52:30,829 --> 00:52:28,559 now uh thanks to insight kind of the the 1406 00:52:32,470 --> 00:52:30,839 main findings thank 1407 00:52:34,790 --> 00:52:32,480 you 1408 00:52:36,630 --> 00:52:34,800 the thing was before insight the 1409 00:52:38,710 --> 00:52:36,640 interior of mars was kind of just a 1410 00:52:40,950 --> 00:52:38,720 giant question mark i mean we knew that 1411 00:52:44,150 --> 00:52:40,960 mars had a had an iron core we knew that 1412 00:52:46,470 --> 00:52:44,160 it had a crust um but for example the 1413 00:52:49,910 --> 00:52:46,480 crust it could have been anywhere from 1414 00:52:51,109 --> 00:52:49,920 20 kilometers thick to 120 kilometers 1415 00:52:53,750 --> 00:52:51,119 thick the core 1416 00:52:55,829 --> 00:52:53,760 had an uncertainty of uh you know plus 1417 00:52:58,230 --> 00:52:55,839 or minus uh two or three hundred 1418 00:52:59,990 --> 00:52:58,240 kilometers and and so you know we just 1419 00:53:02,470 --> 00:53:00,000 had this really fuzzy picture of what 1420 00:53:03,829 --> 00:53:02,480 was going on inside mars and i think 1421 00:53:05,589 --> 00:53:03,839 insight's 1422 00:53:07,750 --> 00:53:05,599 real 1423 00:53:10,790 --> 00:53:07,760 contribution is now we can we can 1424 00:53:12,790 --> 00:53:10,800 actually draw a quantitatively precise 1425 00:53:14,710 --> 00:53:12,800 picture of the inside of mars we know 1426 00:53:17,030 --> 00:53:14,720 what the thickness of the crust is to 1427 00:53:19,829 --> 00:53:17,040 within about 10 kilometers we know what 1428 00:53:21,670 --> 00:53:19,839 the the size of the core is so within uh 1429 00:53:23,589 --> 00:53:21,680 better than 50 kilometers and i think 1430 00:53:26,630 --> 00:53:23,599 we'll be able to actually improve on 1431 00:53:29,270 --> 00:53:26,640 those numbers as our analysis proceeds 1432 00:53:32,549 --> 00:53:29,280 and the importance of those kinds of of 1433 00:53:34,150 --> 00:53:32,559 precision are that they allow us to now 1434 00:53:36,549 --> 00:53:34,160 go back and look at our models of 1435 00:53:39,349 --> 00:53:36,559 planetary formation look at how the 1436 00:53:41,349 --> 00:53:39,359 planet evolved from just a cloud of dust 1437 00:53:44,069 --> 00:53:41,359 that was circling around the sun as it 1438 00:53:46,950 --> 00:53:44,079 coagulates into into a planet starts to 1439 00:53:49,990 --> 00:53:46,960 heat up and melt and then differentiate 1440 00:53:50,950 --> 00:53:50,000 you know separate into a planet with a a 1441 00:53:53,670 --> 00:53:50,960 dense 1442 00:53:56,950 --> 00:53:53,680 core at the center a low density crust 1443 00:53:58,470 --> 00:53:56,960 at the surface how that process works 1444 00:54:00,470 --> 00:53:58,480 is 1445 00:54:02,390 --> 00:54:00,480 something we know that planets do we 1446 00:54:04,309 --> 00:54:02,400 know a lot of about it but the details 1447 00:54:06,710 --> 00:54:04,319 of that process are very very difficult 1448 00:54:09,030 --> 00:54:06,720 to understand uh in 1449 00:54:10,870 --> 00:54:09,040 a laboratory you know 1450 00:54:13,109 --> 00:54:10,880 on the surface of the earth the best 1451 00:54:15,750 --> 00:54:13,119 laboratory is actually the planet itself 1452 00:54:17,910 --> 00:54:15,760 and and insight is actually able to go 1453 00:54:20,150 --> 00:54:17,920 to the laboratory that is mars and make 1454 00:54:22,950 --> 00:54:20,160 the measurements of what that planet was 1455 00:54:25,349 --> 00:54:22,960 that that resulted from this process and 1456 00:54:27,589 --> 00:54:25,359 we've already been able to to uh 1457 00:54:29,349 --> 00:54:27,599 eliminate probably two-thirds of the 1458 00:54:31,589 --> 00:54:29,359 models for planetary formation that are 1459 00:54:33,109 --> 00:54:31,599 out there just by looking at the size 1460 00:54:35,270 --> 00:54:33,119 and the density of the core and the 1461 00:54:36,470 --> 00:54:35,280 thickness of the crust and and that's 1462 00:54:38,630 --> 00:54:36,480 just with the 1463 00:54:40,470 --> 00:54:38,640 the data that that's uh been published 1464 00:54:42,549 --> 00:54:40,480 just in the in in the last year or so so 1465 00:54:44,309 --> 00:54:42,559 this is just beginning a process that's 1466 00:54:46,150 --> 00:54:44,319 beginning and so 1467 00:54:48,789 --> 00:54:46,160 i think what insight's done is it's 1468 00:54:51,430 --> 00:54:48,799 actually shown a light on the the inside 1469 00:54:53,589 --> 00:54:51,440 of mars whereas we know a lot about the 1470 00:54:56,150 --> 00:54:53,599 outside of mars we've taken images we've 1471 00:54:58,069 --> 00:54:56,160 taken spectra we've made measurements of 1472 00:54:59,670 --> 00:54:58,079 on the surface of mars you know for the 1473 00:55:01,910 --> 00:54:59,680 last 50 years 1474 00:55:03,510 --> 00:55:01,920 incites the first mission that actually 1475 00:55:05,109 --> 00:55:03,520 shown a light beneath the surface of 1476 00:55:07,430 --> 00:55:05,119 mars and showed us what the rest of the 1477 00:55:10,230 --> 00:55:07,440 planet looks like 1478 00:55:14,789 --> 00:55:12,549 great thank you unfortunately that is 1479 00:55:16,789 --> 00:55:14,799 all the time we have for questions if 1480 00:55:19,430 --> 00:55:16,799 you're a member of the media you can 1481 00:55:21,990 --> 00:55:19,440 contact the jpl digital news and media 1482 00:55:24,309 --> 00:55:22,000 office if you have additional questions 1483 00:55:26,549 --> 00:55:24,319 we'll also try to answer as many social 1484 00:55:28,230 --> 00:55:26,559 questions we have the operator will 1485 00:55:31,829 --> 00:55:28,240 provide the phone number on the media 1486 00:55:34,510 --> 00:55:31,839 telecom line so stay tuned and then for 1487 00:55:36,309 --> 00:55:34,520 more updates on the mission visit 1488 00:55:38,870 --> 00:55:36,319 mars.nasa.gov 1489 00:55:43,510 --> 00:55:38,880 insight you can also follow us on social 1490 00:55:46,069 --> 00:55:43,520 media at navajpl and at nasa insight 1491 00:55:48,150 --> 00:55:46,079 we'll also have a video that summarizes 1492 00:55:50,470 --> 00:55:48,160 insight's journey to wrap up this 1493 00:55:53,349 --> 00:55:50,480 teleconference members of the media can 1494 00:55:55,829 --> 00:55:53,359 watch the video and a replay of the 1495 00:55:58,380 --> 00:55:55,839 entire teleconference on our youtube 1496 00:55:59,710 --> 00:55:58,390 page which is youtube.com 1497 00:56:01,670 --> 00:55:59,720 [Music] 1498 00:56:03,990 --> 00:56:01,680 nasajpl 1499 00:56:06,789 --> 00:56:04,000 images from today's teleconference with 1500 00:56:10,230 --> 00:56:06,799 sound will also be available at 1501 00:56:17,589 --> 00:56:11,349 insight 1502 00:56:17,599 --> 00:56:28,230 thank you for joining us 1503 00:56:28,240 --> 00:56:33,430 touchdown confirmed 1504 00:56:37,910 --> 00:56:35,510 insight has been fantastically 1505 00:56:39,910 --> 00:56:37,920 successful we've gotten more science 1506 00:56:41,990 --> 00:56:39,920 than we had ever dreamed that we would 1507 00:56:44,789 --> 00:56:42,000 get during the course of this mission 1508 00:56:47,430 --> 00:56:44,799 insight's primary goal was to better 1509 00:56:49,190 --> 00:56:47,440 understand how the terrestrial planets 1510 00:56:50,789 --> 00:56:49,200 the rocky planets 1511 00:56:53,349 --> 00:56:50,799 formed and evolved 1512 00:56:55,510 --> 00:56:53,359 first we landed an incredibly sensitive 1513 00:56:57,510 --> 00:56:55,520 seismometer on the surface of mars and 1514 00:57:00,230 --> 00:56:57,520 with that we are able to record over 1515 00:57:02,630 --> 00:57:00,240 1300 marsquakes and these range all the 1516 00:57:05,750 --> 00:57:02,640 way from tiny little tumblers that just 1517 00:57:07,670 --> 00:57:05,760 barely go over the noise background to a 1518 00:57:09,910 --> 00:57:07,680 handful of quakes that were larger than 1519 00:57:11,829 --> 00:57:09,920 magnitude four and feeling those 1520 00:57:13,589 --> 00:57:11,839 vibrations the scientists can actually 1521 00:57:16,549 --> 00:57:13,599 take that information and use that to 1522 00:57:18,470 --> 00:57:16,559 reconstruct all the material that those 1523 00:57:21,109 --> 00:57:18,480 mars quakes traveled through and thereby 1524 00:57:23,510 --> 00:57:21,119 see the interior of the planet 1525 00:57:25,589 --> 00:57:23,520 we looked at its core which is 1526 00:57:27,430 --> 00:57:25,599 big and not very dense we looked at its 1527 00:57:29,829 --> 00:57:27,440 mantle which is 1528 00:57:31,030 --> 00:57:29,839 not so hot and we looked at its crust 1529 00:57:33,510 --> 00:57:31,040 which is 1530 00:57:35,910 --> 00:57:33,520 not too thick and not too dense compared 1531 00:57:37,589 --> 00:57:35,920 to some of our pre-mission expectations 1532 00:57:38,390 --> 00:57:37,599 by measuring 1533 00:57:45,109 --> 00:57:38,400 the 1534 00:57:47,430 --> 00:57:45,119 planet looked like 1535 00:57:48,789 --> 00:57:47,440 four and a half billion years ago 1536 00:57:52,309 --> 00:57:48,799 the other thing that we've been able to 1537 00:57:55,190 --> 00:57:52,319 do is make a very detailed record of the 1538 00:57:57,030 --> 00:57:55,200 weather at mars we have a really good 1539 00:57:59,430 --> 00:57:57,040 weather station which has allowed 1540 00:58:01,510 --> 00:57:59,440 meteorologists to study the the weather 1541 00:58:03,990 --> 00:58:01,520 at the at the insight landing site and 1542 00:58:05,270 --> 00:58:04,000 relate that to the climate changes on 1543 00:58:07,190 --> 00:58:05,280 mars 1544 00:58:08,710 --> 00:58:07,200 what we didn't do unfortunately was make 1545 00:58:10,870 --> 00:58:08,720 the heat flow measurement we wanted to 1546 00:58:13,349 --> 00:58:10,880 make our heat flow probe was supposed to 1547 00:58:15,990 --> 00:58:13,359 get three to five meters down and we 1548 00:58:17,270 --> 00:58:16,000 were unable to reach that depth but we 1549 00:58:19,670 --> 00:58:17,280 were able to get some of those 1550 00:58:21,349 --> 00:58:19,680 measurements such as the heat transfer 1551 00:58:23,750 --> 00:58:21,359 amongst the soil 1552 00:58:25,829 --> 00:58:23,760 insight is a solar powered mission we 1553 00:58:27,910 --> 00:58:25,839 have solar panels and they were designed 1554 00:58:29,589 --> 00:58:27,920 to give us enough power to easily get 1555 00:58:31,190 --> 00:58:29,599 through the first two years 1556 00:58:32,789 --> 00:58:31,200 but there's a lot of dust in mars 1557 00:58:34,950 --> 00:58:32,799 atmosphere and that's falling down on 1558 00:58:36,470 --> 00:58:34,960 top of our solar arrays and slowly 1559 00:58:38,230 --> 00:58:36,480 blocking the sun 1560 00:58:39,910 --> 00:58:38,240 as the panels are getting dustier we 1561 00:58:41,750 --> 00:58:39,920 started racking our brains with whether 1562 00:58:43,750 --> 00:58:41,760 there's anything we can do to try to 1563 00:58:45,670 --> 00:58:43,760 clean off those panels ourselves when 1564 00:58:47,910 --> 00:58:45,680 the idea of using dirt to clean the 1565 00:58:49,670 --> 00:58:47,920 solar arrays was first proposed it 1566 00:58:51,510 --> 00:58:49,680 seemed counterintuitive we were actually 1567 00:58:53,990 --> 00:58:51,520 able to use the arm and the scoop to 1568 00:58:56,309 --> 00:58:54,000 scoop up some soil from the ground and 1569 00:58:59,589 --> 00:58:56,319 dump it over the lander having some of 1570 00:59:01,270 --> 00:58:59,599 that heavier sand blow onto the arrays 1571 00:59:03,349 --> 00:59:01,280 and knock some of the dust off so we 1572 00:59:06,630 --> 00:59:03,359 essentially used it as an array cleaning 1573 00:59:08,309 --> 00:59:06,640 tool cleaning with dirt actually worked 1574 00:59:11,030 --> 00:59:08,319 it allowed us to actually keep the 1575 00:59:13,109 --> 00:59:11,040 instruments going during the low power 1576 00:59:14,950 --> 00:59:13,119 season where the the mars is farthest 1577 00:59:16,950 --> 00:59:14,960 from the sun during the winter 1578 00:59:18,069 --> 00:59:16,960 unfortunately later in the summer we 1579 00:59:20,230 --> 00:59:18,079 think that the power is going to be 1580 00:59:22,710 --> 00:59:20,240 dropping so quickly due to 1581 00:59:25,270 --> 00:59:22,720 the atmosphere getting dustier due to 1582 00:59:26,549 --> 00:59:25,280 the alignment of mars in the sun we're 1583 00:59:28,870 --> 00:59:26,559 going to be at a point where we can no 1584 00:59:30,150 --> 00:59:28,880 longer have all of our instruments on 1585 00:59:32,549 --> 00:59:30,160 which means we'll be turning off the 1586 00:59:34,390 --> 00:59:32,559 seismometer and other instruments on 1587 00:59:35,750 --> 00:59:34,400 board the last day is going to be 1588 00:59:37,589 --> 00:59:35,760 bittersweet 1589 00:59:38,870 --> 00:59:37,599 obviously we're preparing for it we know 1590 00:59:41,030 --> 00:59:38,880 it's coming 1591 00:59:44,230 --> 00:59:41,040 but that first moment where we don't 1592 00:59:45,829 --> 00:59:44,240 hear from the lander when we expect to 1593 00:59:48,230 --> 00:59:45,839 that's going to be tough 1594 00:59:50,870 --> 00:59:48,240 it's left a permanent mark on me i 1595 00:59:52,549 --> 00:59:50,880 literally tattooed insight onto my arm 1596 00:59:55,829 --> 00:59:52,559 i'll never let it go 1597 00:59:57,990 --> 00:59:55,839 we've really rewritten sort of the the 1598 00:59:59,750 --> 00:59:58,000 chapter of the encyclopedia on the 1599 01:00:01,990 --> 00:59:59,760 interior of mars 1600 01:00:03,829 --> 01:00:02,000 that was our last big hole in our 1601 01:00:05,430 --> 01:00:03,839 understanding of the planet 1602 01:00:06,870 --> 01:00:05,440 there's a lot of data that people are 1603 01:00:08,870 --> 01:00:06,880 going to be looking at for decades to 1604 01:00:10,870 --> 01:00:08,880 come we accomplished so many of our